2023-10-29 14:15:08
“There are many erroneous myths regarding heat pumps: some oil and gas producing countries such as Russia, some people, some sectors and some companies do not want this transition,” explains researcher Caroline Haglund Stignor of the institutes Swedish research institute RISE.
“Yes, heat pumps work in cold climates. Yes, they work in old buildings,” she summarizes.
Absent on the rudimentary first generation models, defrosting systems and variable speed compressors now allow these devices – which take calories from the outside to reinject them inside – to be effective over a wide range. range of temperatures.
Even if their effectiveness declines when it is cold, the equation remains positive, experts say.
“It’s a mature technology that works and warms millions of homes every winter, but which is constantly being developed to be even better,” emphasizes Caroline Haglund Stignor.
According to a study by the independent group Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP), aerothermal heat pumps (using heat in the air) specially adapted for cold climates can be up to twice as efficient as electric heating with temperatures outdoor temperatures of -30°C.
In France, detractors of the heat pump claim that it generates excess electricity consumption and is not suitable for “thermal sieve” housing. Not to mention the installation cost.
The attachment to oil or gas boilers is tenacious. In Germany, the coalition partners were torn apart this year over the timetable for banning fossil heating: it will ultimately be 2045. But the State subsidizes heat pumps, which in 2022 would only equip 3% of homes, and the installations are finally starting to take off.
– Source of savings –
Unlike many European countries, Norway has almost no urban heating and has banned oil boilers since January 2020. To spend its winters warm, it relies mainly on its electricity, which is abundant and clean because it is almost entirely sourced. hydraulic.
By producing approximately 3 to 5 kWh of thermal energy for each kWh of electricity consumed, heat pumps are a vector of energy efficiency, a major axis in the fight once morest climate change, but also a source of savings.
After swapping his electric radiator for his air-to-air heat pump two years ago, Øyvind Solstad saw his electric bills decrease.
“The first four months, our consumption fell by 20% compared to the year before, while we also bought an electric car in the meantime,” he says.
Even if the initial investment is substantial (around 2,500 euros with installation), he thinks he can recoup it “in just a few years”.
Bonus: in summer, its heat pump also serves as an air conditioner.
When electricity prices hit the ceiling last year in the midst of the energy crisis linked to the war in Ukraine, sales of heat pumps reached record levels in Norway with a jump of 25%.
They continued their momentum in the first half of this year.
“Norwegians have internalized the fact that we should expect higher electricity prices in the coming years than in the past,” notes Rolf Iver Mytting Hagemoen, president of the Norwegian Heat Pump Association ( NOVAP).
“And energy efficiency is an issue that is ever more relevant.”
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