2023-10-17 07:00:00
Daily habits build a healthy life and well-being over the years. Reina Campos Caba Meteored Chile 17/10/2023 09:00 4 min
Regardless of ethnicity and geographic location, more than half of the world’s population has vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, measured by serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). This condition is more noticeable in older adults due to the increase in chronic diseases, medication use, the presence of functional limitations and reduced sun exposure.
Dynapenia is an important risk factor for disability and mortality later in life, explained in part by muscle atrophy.
There is evidence that bone and muscle tissues are mechanically, physically and biochemically interconnected. Thus, endocrine disorders such as vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency might cause an imbalance in protein synthesis resulting in loss of bone mineral density as well as reductions in muscle mass, strength and function of vital organs.
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To deepen this relationship, a study published in Calcified Tissue International analyzed whether serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency are risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia in individuals aged 50 and over, and whether osteoporosis or vitamin D supplementation modifies these associations.
Combating dynapenia with neuromuscular strength
The main conclusions of the study were that 25(OH)D deficiency was a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia during a 4-year follow-up period. Additionally, when people with osteoporosis and those taking vitamin D supplements were excluded from the analyses, both 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia.
Vitamin D participates in the biochemical processes of maintaining muscle mass as well as its contraction. Through its genomic (genetic) effects, vitamin D influences protein expression and muscle fiber differentiation, affecting the amount of muscle mass.
By its non-genomic (non-genetic) effects, vitamin D participates in the regulation and transport of calcium, which affects the movement of muscle contraction. Therefore, through two mechanisms in the human body, Vitamin D plays a critical role in the generation of neuromuscular force.
Muscle mass is important not only for body aesthetics, but also for the health of our brain.
Likewise, 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency influence regulation linked to muscle hypertrophy, which makes muscle repair difficult during the maturation phase, as well as the metabolism of mature muscle fibers. This intensifies muscle atrophy which, in turn, contributes to the reduction of neuromuscular strength.
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The study concluded that elderly people with serum 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/L had an increased risk of incident dynapenia compared to those with higher levels. It is suggested that clinical trials combine resistance exercise and vitamin D supplementation in people with dynapenia and 25(OH)D insufficiency or deficiency, to study whether this combination therapy increases muscle strength in people over 50 years old.
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