The global epidemic has not settled in one wave, and one wave after another. Spain and the United Kingdom reported rare cases of “Crimea-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever”. According to the World Health Organization, the disease is transmitted by ticks. After the onset, patients may experience symptoms of eye and nose bleeding and body bruising, with a mortality rate of 30%. %, there is currently no vaccine and drug prevention and treatment.
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According to comprehensive foreign media reports, Spain and the United Kingdom have successively reported rare cases of “Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever”. A middle-aged man in Spain was admitted to a hospital in Castile and León with symptoms of high fever and bleeding eyes before being taken to another place by an ambulance helicopter for treatment. At the same time, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) also confirmed that a local woman was infected with the virus in March this year.
Check the World Health Organizationmaterial, from January to May 22 this year, there were 212 cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Iraq, of which 115 (54%) were suspected cases and 97 (46%) were laboratory confirmed; Of the deaths, 14 were suspected cases and 13 were confirmed cases. The number of cases reported in 5 months in 2022 is much higher than the total number of cases reported in 2021. But the UK’s chief medical adviser, Dr Susan Hopkins, insists the disease does not spread easily from person to person and the overall risk to the public is very low. She pointed out that the UK Health Security Agency and the UK National Health Service (NHS) have established sound infection control procedures for imported infectious diseases, and relevant regulations will be strictly followed.
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever has a mortality rate of about 30%
comprehensiveWHOand Hong KongDepartment of HealthAccording to the data, “Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever” is an acute viral infectious disease, and most of the human beings are infected by the bite of a tick with the virus. The disease is prevalent in countries south of the 50th parallel, including countries in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and Asia. There are very few cases in Europe, with only a few cases previously reported in Spain and Turkey. The virus has never been detected in native ticks in the UK before, and there have been only three cases in the country so far.
The incubation period is about 1 to 3 days after being bitten by a tick, and the patient will experience symptoms such as joint pain, jaundice, stomach pain, headache, vomiting and eye bleeding. It may also worsen to severe nosebleeds, extensive and severe bruising as the condition progresses. Most cases have signs of hepatitis, and severe cases may develop acute kidney failure, liver failure or lung failure. Patients have a mortality rate of about 30% and may die within 2 weeks of onset.
There is currently no vaccine that is safe and effective and widely available for human use. Therefore, experts recommend that tourists traveling to the above-mentioned rural or forest areas should take measures similar to mosquito bite prevention measures to avoid being bitten by ticks, and avoid contact with wild animals to reduce the risk of contracting the disease.
5 ways to avoid tick bites
According to the information of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department of Hong Kong, ticks need to suck blood at all developmental stages to grow, and their body size before sucking blood ranges from 2 mm to 12 mm. Ticks can transmit viruses through blood sucking, such as babesiosis, Lyme disease, Kou fever and spotted fever, etc. Human wounds or eyes may be infected by contact with dead ticks or ticks that can transmit diseases . If you want to avoid getting bitten by ticks, here are 5 precautions you can take:
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3 people died of tick infection
Ticks can transmit a variety of diseases. After an elderly man in Xinyang City, Henan Province died of “fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome” (commonly known as “tick disease”), three villagers from the same village dressed him in a shroud. He passed away; another relative was hospitalized for tick infection due to physical contact while visiting the hospital.
It has been reported by internal media that tick diseases are mainly distributed in Henan, Hubei, Shandong, Anhui, Liaoning and other provinces, and the Xinyang area of Henan is a high-incidence area. The onset time shows a clear seasonal trend, mostly concentrated in April to October each year. After being bitten by a tick, the disease occurs within 2 to 3 days at the shortest, and the incubation period is usually about 1 to 2 weeks. The main clinical manifestations are fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and multiple organ dysfunction. Most of the mild patients can recover by themselves, and the severe patients often show multiple organ dysfunction and even failure. Wu Weihua, the chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, said that the fatality rate of this disease is 12.7% to 32.6%, and there is no effective treatment and no cure. Some elderly patients and patients who are not adequately treated are often severely ill and have poor prognosis after arriving at the hospital. In addition, cases of tick disease have also occurred in Japan, South Korea and other places.
The right way to be bitten by a tick
The Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded that if a tick is found to have been bitten or even burrowed into the skin, do not touch it directly with your hands, or even squeeze it, let alone flush it with water when it is bitten. Alcohol can be applied to the tick to loosen the tick head or die, and then remove the tick with pointed tweezers. Do not pull hard to avoid scratching the skin or leave the tick’s head in the skin. After taking it out, use iodine or alcohol for local disinfection, and observe your physical condition at any time. If you have symptoms such as fever, inflammation and ulceration at the bite site, and erythema, you should seek medical attention in time to diagnose whether you have a tick-borne disease to avoid missing the best time of treatment.
In the wild, a lit cigarette (or incense) can be used to slowly roast the body of the tick. In most cases, the tick that burrows into the skin will burrow out of the skin, and then disinfect the wound. Those with a history of tick bites or field activities should seek medical attention as soon as possible and inform the doctor of the relevant conditions once they have suspected symptoms or signs such as fever.
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Written by: Chen Letong