Arthritis is a condition commonly associated with older individuals, but it is important to recognize that children can also experience it. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis in children, affecting approximately 1 in every 1,000 kids under the age of 16 in the UK, which amounts to around 15,000 children.
JIA primarily manifests as joint pain and inflammation, typically in the hands, knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists, although other body parts can be affected as well. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for JIA, but there are treatments available to manage the pain, reduce swelling, and prevent further joint damage. Medications such as methotrexate and etanercept are commonly prescribed for JIA, although they can have side effects that include a decreased ability to fight off infections.
Interestingly, physical activity plays a crucial role in the lives of children with JIA, despite concerns that it may exacerbate their symptoms. While JIA can cause joint pain, stiffness, and weak muscles, it is essential to encourage exercise as it offers numerous benefits for children with the condition. However, teenagers with JIA face additional challenges in terms of school, career choices, staying active, and social development.
JIA not only impacts children physically but also affects their social connections and future independence. Research has shown that attendance and participation in school can be particularly challenging for students with JIA, which may result in them feeling isolated and potentially affecting their studies. Tailored programs in schools that address the needs of children with JIA can significantly contribute to their educational success and future career prospects. However, missing school and activities can still hinder their achievements, potentially impacting their work lives later on.
The course of JIA can vary, with some individuals experiencing symptom improvement and even remission, while others may continue to face ongoing disability. This uncertainty adds to the difficulties of planning for the future and finding suitable employment for individuals with JIA.
To mitigate the challenges faced by young people with JIA, it is crucial to provide them with appropriate support for managing their illness and addressing their mental and social needs from an early stage. Encouraging physical activity is one aspect that can make a significant difference in the lives of children with JIA. Lack of activity can lead to weakened bones and a lower quality of life, while appropriate exercise can help strengthen bones, build muscle, improve overall fitness, and boost emotional well-being.
Despite the benefits of exercise, children with JIA often engage in less physical activity compared to their peers. It is vital to provide clear and tailored guidance on how children with JIA can exercise safely to ensure their health improvement and minimize the risk of future health problems.
Currently, there is a lack of awareness regarding arthritis in young people, which can prevent them from receiving the necessary support to thrive. It is essential for adults in influential roles, such as teachers and policymakers, to understand the unique challenges faced by young people with JIA in order to improve support systems.
Ongoing research at the University of Manchester aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of various juvenile rheumatic diseases, including JIA, on adolescents and young adults. This research is crucial for informing the development of evidence-based policies that can be implemented by schools, workplaces, and governments to provide appropriate support for young people with arthritis.
In conclusion, the effects of JIA extend far beyond childhood, influencing education, social connections, and future employment. Recognizing the full scope of JIA’s impact and providing comprehensive support encompassing both medical and social care is essential for empowering affected children to navigate their challenges more effectively and lead fulfilling lives.
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