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pte20230214001 Medicine/Wellness, Research/Development
Interleukin-11 Inhibitors Effective in Mice – Potential Game Changer for Diabetes Therapy
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Artist’s rendering of a kidney (Illustration: Eksavang Khounphinith, pixabay.com) |
Interleukin (pte001/14.02.2023/06:00) –
Acute and chronic kidney diseases such as diabetes may be curable in the future. It has already been done in mice. scientists of Duke-NUS Medical School and des National Heart Centre Singapore did this by inhibiting the protein interleukin-11 (IL-11) with an antibody. This has allowed damaged kidney cells to regenerate and restore impaired kidney function due to disease and acute injury.
Fatal cascade in focus
Researchers Anissa Widjaja and Stuart Cook and kidney specialist Thomas Coffman have studied the effects of IL-11, which causes scarring in other organs, including the liver, lungs and heart, in acute and chronic kidney disease. It triggers a cascade of molecular processes in response to kidney damage, leading to inflammation, fibrosis (scarring), and loss of function.
“IL-11 impairs kidney function and leads to chronic kidney disease. We have also shown that anti-IL-11 therapy in mice with renal failure can reverse established chronic kidney disease and restore kidney function,” said Cook. Cells lining the tiny tubes in the kidneys release IL-11 in response to kidney damage. This turns on a signaling cascade that leads to increased expression of the Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1 gene, which halts cell growth and promotes kidney dysfunction.
Heal fibrosis and inflammation
In a preclinical model of human diabetic kidney disease, switching off this process by administering an antibody that binds to IL-11, rendering it ineffective, reversed fibrosis and inflammation and ultimately regenerated the damaged kidney and restored kidney function. “This might be a game changer in the management of chronic kidney disease,” Coffman said. “Kidney failure is a global epidemic,” Widjaja concludes.
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Soccer Howler: Troubled PSG receives the Bayern – Champions League
The round of 16 of the Champions League doesn’t just drag on like chewing gum. The first knockout round, spread over eight match days until mid-March, offers a lot of flavor like chewing gum at the beginning: Paris Saint-Germain once morest Bayern Munich, French once morest German record champions. But the Howler on Tuesday in the Parc des Princes (9 p.m., Sky) – the simultaneous duel between Milan and Tottenham is nominally dropped – comes at the wrong time, at least for the hosts.
The H5N1 virus, commonly called bird fluspreads among poultry and birds for 25 yearsexplained Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO), during a virtual briefing with journalists. During this conference, the director of the WHO mentioned the spread of the bird flu virus and the concern that it will spread to humans.
Avian flu: the hypothesis of human-to-human transmission
If this avian flu pandemic has existed for many years among birds, it has grown considerably lately. At the end of December 2022, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) spoke of an epidemic “largest ever observed in Europe“. If we take the case of France, the country experienced the worst wave of the virus in summer 2022 and had to slaughter approximately 20 million chickens, turkeys and ducks. A few months later, in December 2022, the contaminations have stronglyincreased with 217 outbreaks of bird flu listed to December 20, once morest 100 at the beginning of the month.
Beyond a multiplication of cases, the virus spreads to other species. Previously confined to poultry and birds, the flu now infects many other species. In October 2022, more than 50,000 mink were slaughtered on a farm in Spain following cases of avian flu were detected there. This contamination to other animals worries the authorities, who fear that eventually spread to humans, due to mutations.
H5N1 flu: WHO calls for vigilance
If the hypothesis of a spread to humans begins to appear, the EFSA remains positive: “The risk of infection is low for the general human population in the Union, and low to medium for people exposed through their occupation.”
This risk does not remain impossible. “Recent transmissions to mammals should be closely monitored“, declared Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the president of the WHO. “At the moment, the organism assesses the risk to humans as low. Since the appearance of the virus in 1996, transmission of H5N1 to and between humans has been rare and unsustainable. But we cannot assume that will remain the case, and we must be prepared for any change in the status quo.“
The researchers therefore believe thatyou have to be careful. Thus, they recommend to take precautionsin particular by avoiding all contact with wild mammals and birds.
In front of the hypothesis of contamination to humans et at the risk of a new pandemic bird flu, the director of the WHO calls for vigilance and preparation for a potential pandemic. “WHO also continues to engage with manufacturers to ensure that, if necessary, supplies of vaccines and antivirals would be available for global use“, he concludes.