Health

Obstructive sleep apnoea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, is not only a significant public health concern but also carries a hefty economic burden. New research reveals that the combined cost of untreated sleep apnoea in the United States and the United Kingdom exceeds £137 billion ($185 billion) each year, driven by lost productivity and diminished work performance. The findings underscore the urgent need for increased awareness, improved screening and more effective treatment strategies.

Characterized by loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, and excessive daytime fatigue, sleep apnoea affects an estimated one billion people globally, including approximately eight million in the UK. Despite its prevalence, a staggering 85% of cases remain undiagnosed, leaving individuals vulnerable to serious health complications like heart attack, and stroke. The economic impact, as highlighted by the new study, adds another layer of urgency to addressing this widespread condition.

Researchers at University College London surveyed over 4,000 adults in the UK and US, identifying that roughly one in five respondents reported experiencing breathing pauses during sleep on three or more nights a week, coupled with excessive daytime sleepiness – key indicators of sleep apnoea. Based on these findings, they estimated that sleep apnoea costs the US economy $180 billion (£133 billion) annually and the UK economy £4.2 billion. This calculation focused on the economic consequences of lost workdays and reduced performance while at work.

The study, published in the journal Thorax, acknowledges that this figure is likely an underestimate. The analysis did not account for increased medical expenses associated with managing the condition, nor did it factor in the costs related to road traffic accidents and workplace incidents potentially linked to sleep-deprived individuals.

The Hidden Costs of Untreated Sleep Apnoea

Sleep apnoea’s impact extends far beyond individual health and well-being. The economic consequences ripple through various sectors, affecting productivity, healthcare systems, and public safety. The condition’s link to cardiovascular disease, for example, increases healthcare utilization and associated costs. Daytime sleepiness significantly impairs cognitive function and reaction time, raising the risk of accidents in both occupational and everyday settings.

The authors of the Thorax study advocate for proactive measures, including workplace screening programs and public health campaigns designed to raise awareness about sleep apnoea and encourage early intervention. “Given the significant yet often overlooked burden of [obstructive sleep apnoea] and its economic impact, we urge policymakers to allocate resources towards developing an effective screening strategy and implementing targeted public health campaigns and policies,” they wrote. “Early identification and treatment of [obstructive sleep apnoea], along with proactive early follow-up, could result in substantial savings, potentially amounting to billions annually in productivity costs.”

Challenges to Effective Treatment

While advancements in diagnostic tools and screening algorithms are making it easier to identify sleep apnoea, maintaining consistent treatment remains a challenge. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment, but nearly two-thirds of patients discontinue its use. Alternative options, such as weight loss interventions, oral appliances to maintain airway openness, and hypoglossal nerve stimulation implants, are not suitable for all patients.

Concerns about potential repercussions also contribute to underreporting and delayed treatment. Adrian Jones, national officer at the trade union Unite, which represents many road haulage and passenger transport drivers, highlighted the fear among workers of losing their jobs if diagnosed with sleep apnoea. “Professional drivers often hide issues of sleep apnoea out of fear of losing their jobs,” Jones stated. “Before introducing screening, employers must be fully educated that sleep apnoea can be effectively managed. Workers must have the confidence that they will be supported, not dismissed, if a problem is identified.”

The NHS describes obstructive sleep apnoea as a common condition where the walls of the throat relax and narrow during sleep, interrupting normal breathing. Episodes can occur frequently, sometimes as often as once every one or two minutes in severe cases.

Addressing the economic and health consequences of sleep apnoea requires a multi-faceted approach, encompassing increased awareness, accessible screening programs, and supportive workplace policies. Further research into innovative treatment options and strategies to improve patient adherence will also be crucial. The long-term implications of untreated sleep apnoea demand a proactive and comprehensive response from healthcare providers, policymakers, and employers alike.

As diagnostic technologies develop into more affordable and accessible, and as understanding of the condition deepens, People can anticipate a more accurate assessment of the true scope of sleep apnoea’s impact. The focus will likely shift towards preventative measures and personalized treatment plans, ultimately aiming to reduce both the human and economic costs associated with this widespread, yet often overlooked, health challenge.

What are your thoughts on workplace screening for sleep apnoea? Share your comments below, and please share this article with anyone who might benefit from this information.

Disclaimer: This article provides informational content and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any health condition.

As more individuals seek complementary approaches alongside conventional cancer care, a concerning trend is emerging: many patients are hesitant to disclose their employ of alternative medicine to their healthcare providers. This lack of transparency can pose significant risks, potentially interfering with treatment effectiveness and hindering optimal patient care. The growing prevalence of this phenomenon is prompting increased attention from medical professionals and researchers alike, who emphasize the critical require for open communication between patients and their oncology teams.

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients is not a marginal issue, but a widespread practice. Approximately one-third of cancer patients utilize these methods, according to recent studies. However, this often occurs in silence, creating a gap in knowledge that can have serious consequences. Researchers are now focusing on understanding the motivations behind this secrecy and how to foster a more trusting and informative dialogue within the healthcare setting.

Mikael Källman, a specialist oncology nurse and researcher at Umeå University, has dedicated over 20 years to cancer care and is currently investigating CAM usage in Region Gävleborg, Sweden. His function aims to understand why patients choose these methods, and what factors influence their decisions. “With this knowledge, we can better address patients, create targeted information, and prevent risks,” Källman explains. His research focuses on exploring how cancer patients use CAM and how these choices impact their interactions with the healthcare system.

The potential for harm arises from interactions between CAM therapies and conventional cancer treatments. Certain natural preparations can interfere with the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation, potentially diminishing their life-saving effects. A 2026 article in Dagens Medicin highlighted the dangers of patients not informing their care teams about CAM use, emphasizing the risks involved. The article details how a patient who abandoned conventional treatment in favor of alternative methods experienced a significantly worsened prognosis and substantial financial loss.

Källman’s interest in this area was sparked by a personal experience with a young patient who chose alternative therapies over curative treatment. The patient’s subsequent decline, both in health and financially, underscored the importance of understanding patient motivations without judgment. This experience highlighted the need for healthcare providers to approach these conversations with empathy and a willingness to listen, rather than dismissing alternative approaches outright.

Research indicates that patients often turn to CAM for a variety of reasons, including seeking greater control over their treatment, managing side effects, and improving their overall quality of life. A study published in Complementary Medicine Research in 2024 examined patterns of CAM use among cancer patients in Region Gävleborg, revealing insights into their preferences and experiences. The study aimed to estimate the extent and characteristics of CAM use in the region.

The reluctance to disclose CAM use stems from several factors, including fear of judgment from healthcare professionals, a belief that providers are not interested in alternative approaches, and a desire to maintain autonomy. Addressing these concerns requires a shift in healthcare culture towards greater openness and acceptance of patient choices, coupled with clear and accessible information about the potential risks and benefits of CAM therapies.

access to alternative medicine is increasing. According to Onkologi i Sverige, alternative products are readily available in numerous stores and online, often marketed as effective against cancer or other serious illnesses. This easy accessibility contributes to the growing use of CAM, making open communication with healthcare providers even more crucial.

The implications of this trend extend beyond individual patient outcomes. A lack of understanding about CAM use hinders the ability to conduct robust research on its effectiveness and safety. It also challenges the principles of patient-centered care, which emphasize shared decision-making and respect for patient autonomy.

Looking ahead, continued research is needed to further elucidate the motivations behind CAM use and to develop effective strategies for fostering open communication between patients and healthcare providers. Creating a safe and non-judgmental environment where patients feel comfortable discussing all aspects of their care is essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes. The goal is not to eliminate CAM, but to integrate it responsibly into a comprehensive and individualized treatment plan, always prioritizing patient safety and well-being.

What are your thoughts on the role of alternative medicine in cancer care? Share your perspective in the comments below, and please share this article with anyone who might discover it helpful.

Disclaimer: This article provides informational content and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your treatment plan.

As Ukraine enters its fifth year under full-scale invasion, the nation’s healthcare system is facing unprecedented strain. A disturbing trend has emerged: attacks on healthcare facilities and personnel escalated sharply in 2025, increasing by nearly 20% compared to the previous year. This surge in violence, coupled with relentless strikes on critical infrastructure, is creating a devastating health crisis, leaving millions struggling to access even basic medical care.

Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) has documented at least 2881 attacks on healthcare in Ukraine, impacting not only doctors and nurses but also essential services like ambulances and medical warehouses. The situation is particularly dire in frontline areas, where access to care is severely limited and the risk of further attacks remains constant. The ongoing conflict is not simply a military struggle; it’s a direct assault on the fundamental right to health.

Escalating Violence and its Impact on Healthcare Access

The intensification of attacks on healthcare reached a peak in the third quarter of 2025, resulting in 184 incidents that tragically claimed the lives of 12 individuals and injured 110 healthcare workers and patients. Simultaneously, attacks targeting medical warehouses tripled compared to 2024, severely disrupting vital supply chains and hindering the delivery of essential medicines and medical supplies across the country. Over the past four years, a total of 233 health workers and patients have been killed, and 930 injured, in attacks on healthcare – actions that constitute clear violations of international humanitarian law.

Beyond direct attacks, the destruction of civilian infrastructure, particularly energy facilities, is exacerbating the health crisis. Multiple strikes on power plants this winter have left millions without heating, electricity, and water, creating a cascade of health problems. In Kyiv alone, a January 2026 attack left nearly 6000 buildings without heat in subzero conditions, prompting an estimated 600,000 residents to flee the capital, according to reports.

Growing Health Needs and Systemic Challenges

The WHO assessment conducted in December 2025 revealed a stark disparity in health perceptions between frontline and non-frontline areas. 59% of individuals in frontline regions reported their health as poor or very poor, compared to 47% in areas further from the conflict. This underscores the direct link between ongoing violence and deteriorating health outcomes.

“After four years of war, health needs are increasing, but many people are unable to get the care they need, in part because hospitals and clinics are routinely attacked,” stated Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “WHO is working alongside Ukraine’s dedicated health workers to keep hospitals supplied with the means to stay warm, and the medicines people rely on the most. The best medicine is peace.”

The demand for healthcare services is surging, driven by war-related trauma injuries, but access to essential care remains severely limited. Only 4% of hospitals provide inpatient rehabilitation, and a mere 3% offer assistive technologies like prosthetics. Access to medicines is a persistent barrier, with 80% of Ukrainians reporting difficulties obtaining the medications they need, primarily due to high costs (71%). In frontline regions, closed pharmacies, security risks, and financial constraints further compound the problem.

Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO Regional Director for Europe, highlighted the profound mental health toll of the war, stating, “Four years of war has created a serious health crisis in Ukraine. Mental health needs are staggering: 72% of people surveyed experienced anxiety or depression in the past year, yet only one in five sought help.” Cardiovascular disease is also on the rise, with one in four Ukrainians experiencing dangerously high blood pressure.

WHO’s Response and Future Needs

In 2025, the WHO reached 1.9 million people across Ukraine through a comprehensive range of services, including trauma care, medical supplies, evacuations, and capacity-building initiatives, with a particular focus on frontline and hard-to-reach locations. The organization has also provided 284 generators to health facilities across 23 oblasts to help maintain essential services.

Looking ahead, the WHO is appealing for $42 million in funding for 2026 to sustain its work in Ukraine and ensure access to care for 700,000 people. This funding will be crucial for continuing crisis response efforts, supporting recovery initiatives, and rebuilding a battered healthcare system.

The situation in Ukraine remains deeply concerning, and the ongoing attacks on healthcare represent a grave threat to the health and well-being of the population. Sustained international support and a commitment to protecting healthcare workers and facilities are essential to mitigating the devastating consequences of this conflict.

Disclaimer: This article provides informational content about a public health crisis and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

What are your thoughts on the challenges facing Ukraine’s healthcare system? Share your comments below and help spread awareness of this critical issue.

Some chart their paths with ink, while others etch them into the spirit of a region. The life and perform of Dr. Luis Guillermo Moreno Guerra unequivocally fall into the latter category. A prominent figure in Venezuelan medicine and academia, Dr. Moreno Guerra, who was born on February 3, 1928, in the Mara municipality of Zulia state, left an indelible mark on his community and the field of plastic surgery.

Born where the El Moján river meets Lake Maracaibo, Moreno Guerra dedicated his life to the principles of integrity and dignity. His influence extended beyond the operating room and into the classroom, shaping generations of medical professionals. His commitment to excellence continues to be recognized through an annual award bearing his name, a testament to his enduring impact.

Moreno Guerra’s mastery of surgical techniques wasn’t accidental; it stemmed from a profound understanding of human anatomy. As a leading plastic surgeon, he was a significant contributor to the Venezuelan Society of Plastic Surgery, viewing the specialty as a form of architectural precision. This dedication to detail and rigorous study was directly informed by his years as a professor of Human Anatomy in the Bionalysis Department of the University of Zulia’s School of Medicine.

His academic authority led to further leadership roles, including head of the Department of Morphological Sciences and president of the Society of Morphology of the West. But perhaps his most lasting legacy within the university is the annual “Dr. Luis Guillermo Moreno Guerra” award, presented by the Faculty of Medicine’s Human Anatomy Department. This prestigious distinction is reserved for students who achieve academic perfection, earning a perfect score of 20, thereby upholding a standard of excellence championed by Dr. Moreno Guerra himself.

Beyond his scientific contributions, Dr. Moreno Guerra was a champion for the rights and welfare of university professors. He founded and served as the first president of the Association of Professors of the University of Zulia (APUZ), establishing a vital institutional defense structure for the faculty. This commitment to advocacy underscored his belief in the importance of a strong and supported academic community.

The impact of Dr. Moreno Guerra’s life extends beyond the confines of medical textbooks and hospital walls. His dedication to both his patients and his colleagues established a standard of care and professional conduct that continues to inspire. As Ángel Montiel wrote in Diario Versión Final, his legacy is not merely recorded in history, but “etched into the spirit of a region.”

The passing of Dr. Moreno Guerra marks the loss of a true pillar of the Zulia community and Venezuelan medicine. His contributions to the field of plastic surgery, his dedication to education, and his advocacy for academic freedom will be remembered for generations to come. His influence continues to be felt through the students he mentored, the patients he treated, and the institutions he helped build.

As the medical community reflects on his life, the focus now shifts to preserving and building upon the foundation he laid. The annual award in his name will continue to recognize academic excellence, and his example will undoubtedly inspire future generations of medical professionals to pursue their careers with the same integrity and dedication that defined his own.

This article provides information about the life and legacy of Dr. Luis Guillermo Moreno Guerra. It is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

What aspects of Dr. Moreno Guerra’s career do you find most inspiring? Share your thoughts in the comments below.