2023-10-19 07:50:58
According to the latest Panorama of Cancers published by the National Cancer Institute in 2023, the number of cancers in France has doubled over the last three decades. In this development, what share do cancers represent in those under 50? Researchers have recently looked at this question on a global scale. Their results were published in the scientific journal BMJ Oncology.
Early cancers have increased by almost 80% in 30 years
In France, according to the National Cancer Institute, 433,136 new cases of cancer are expected to occur in 2023. The incidence of all cancers combined is increasing in France, more significantly among women than among men. Combining all cancers, the average age at diagnosis is 70 years for men and 68 years for women. But what regarding more precisely the evolution of early cancersthat is to say the cancers diagnosed before the age of 50?
By classifying pediatric cancers separately, how do cancers occurring in young adults evolve, between early adulthood and age 50? Researchers attempted to explore the global burden of early cancers by taking into account epidemiological data from 29 cancers worldwide:
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- L’incidence des cancers ;
- Mortality linked to these cancers;
- Disability-adjusted life years (a measure of disease burden, which quantifies disease-related premature mortality and associated health loss);
- Risk factors.
Six cancers frequently found in people under 50
The data collected and analyzed showed that the global incidence of early cancers, occurring before the age of 50, had increased by 79.1% between 1990 and 2019, i.e. in less than 30 years. Mortality from these cancers had at the same time increased by 27.7% over the same period. In 2019, mortality and disability-adjusted life years were mainly linked to the following early cancers:
At the same time, certain cancers showed a particularly rapid increase in those under 50, nasopharyngeal cancer and prostate cancer. Conversely, an early cancer tended to decrease worldwide, liver cancer.
Acting on risk factors to slow the rise in early cancers
These data collected on a global scale mask many strong geographic and socio-demographic inequalities. World regions with medium and high socio-demographic index were associated with a higher burden of early cancers. When the socio-demographic index increases, the incidence of early cancers increases, but their mortality decreases.
All of these data confirm a sharp increase in cancers among those under 50 in the world. An increase which is expected to continue over the coming years, according to experts. They already predict an increase of 31% in incidence and 21% in mortality by 2030. To explain these trends, experts highlight risk factors of these cancers:
- Diet, in particular the consumption of red meat, sodium intake, lack of calcium or fresh fruit intake;
- Alcohol consumption ;
- Smoking.
Without forgetting air pollution, which constitutes an increasingly important risk factor!
Estelle B., Doctor of Pharmacy
Sources
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