Formica fusca ants in Germany @BelgaImage
Ants can learn to sniff out cancerous human cells, like dogs but much more quickly, according to a study which proposes to dig this track for the early detection of tumours.
Much easier to learn
Experiments have recently demonstrated the ability of the canine sense of smell to identify the olfactory imprint of certain cancerous tumours, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which a human cannot smell. But this method requires long training – between six months and a year per dog – and expensive – “tens of thousands of eurosBaptiste Piqueret, lead author of the study published this week in the journal iScience, told AFP.
This ethologist from the Sorbonne Paris Nord University therefore tried the experiment with ants, an insect using its powerful sense of smell in its daily tasks, and endowed with a capacity for rapid learning. With scientists from the CNRS, the Institut Curie and Inserm, he chose the most common species, Formica fusca, which is widespread in the northern hemisphere and which is not considered threatened in France. In the laboratory, the insects were subjected to so-called associative learning protocols where an odor is associated with a reward, in this case a drop of sugar water.
Three one-hour workouts are enough
In a first training session, the ant “wandered around freely, stumbled across a sweet drop and while she drank it, she sniffed her surroundings (with her antennae) imbued with a peculiar smell», Details the researcher. In the next step, the insect had the choice of going to a place with the learned smell and another with a different smell, but without a drop of sugar this time. “If the ant had learned well, it spent a lot of time near the smell associated with sugar and circled around it looking for the reward.».
These tests were carried out with smells of healthy human cells and cancerous cells (produced by ovarian cancer), to see if the ants might distinguish between them. Then, more finely, with two diseased cells (resulting from breast cancers), to see if the insects made the difference between two subtypes of cancers. “Three training sessions of less than an hour were enough for them to learnthe difference between these subtypes, welcomes the researcher. Moreover, the protocol isvery simple and does not require expensive equipment – as proof, I did the manipulations in my apartment during the spring 2020 confinement“, he confides.
remains to be assessed.the effectiveness of this method thanks to clinical tests on a complete human organism“, specifies the CNRS in a press release. Preliminary experiments are underway with urine from mice with cancer.
