2024-07-30 22:00:00
As essential links in the functioning of the economy, transport and logistics are crucial for all economic activities and for the country’s competitiveness. They are the work of a wide variety of actors who act in a complementary manner, but also in a context of fierce competition at the national and European levels.
Transport and logistics activities can be carried out internally by players in the commercial or non-commercial sector who are not professionals in the field (industrial or commercial companies, construction companies, agricultural cooperatives, public institutions or administrations, etc.) and who have chosen to carry out, with their human and material resources, and as an ancillary activity to their main activity, all or part of the transport of their own goods. This is referred to as “own-account transport” or “private transport”.
These activities can also be carried out by companies whose business it is, transport and logistics providers to whom these operations are subcontracted by their customers. This is called “transport for hire” or “public transport”. The trend is towards outsourcing transport services to these professionals to allow other companies to concentrate on their core business.
This article aims to present the profession of public carrier who performs services for others and does not deal with private transportation. It focuses on the freight transporteven if some transport players are mixed (historical railway companies), or even combine passengers and freight in the same vehicles (air transport).
This article also covers transport and logistics actors who do not physically move goods, but perform a set of formalities and operations technical, commercial, legal or administrative which are intrinsically attached to the transport service. Thus, he is particularly interested to intermediaries and transport organizers.
THE logistics providers are mainly addressed here from the angle of their role in the design and management of flows, the players in static logistics (warehouses and platforms) being the subject of another chapter.
Finally, in addition to all these actors, there are handling operators (at the interface of statistical and kinetic operations), transport auxiliaries, in particular responsible for safely operating and maintaining transport infrastructures (SNCF Réseau, VNF, motorway companies, port authorities, etc.), public authorities (which set the administrative, regulatory and political framework), as well as various suppliers and service providers (energy supply, insurance, banks, etc.), which are not discussed here.
Transport and intermediation professions require specific know-how and skills and their exercise is often subject to the acquisition of a qualification through training. Some are regulated, so as to guarantee road safety and fair competition.
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