Europe Is at War. Why Can’t It Say So?

Putin’s Covert Campaign to Undermine European Stability

Published on January 13, 2025

An illustration depicting the vulnerability of European infrastructure. Credit: Jussi Nukari / Lehtikuva / AFP / Getty

Over the past three years, Russia has systematically targeted its neighbors, employing advanced weaponry to cripple critical infrastructure in Ukraine. Power plants, dams, and electrical grids have all been hit, with President Vladimir Putin framing these actions as part of a “special military operation.” While the international community widely condemns these acts as warfare,Western nations often hesitate to label similar tactics as such when they affect other european countries.

A recent incident highlights this troubling trend. Last month, the undersea power cable Estlink 2, connecting Estonia and Finland, was abruptly severed. The EU’s top foreign-policy official cautiously addressed the event, stating it was “part of a pattern of intentional and coordinated actions to damage our digital and energy infrastructure.” While she refrained from directly naming Russia, the implication was unmistakable. Unlike the overt aggression in Ukraine, this act of sabotage was more covert but equally destructive.

For Estonia, a former Soviet republic bordering Russia, undersea cables are more than infrastructure—they are lifelines to independence. These connections ensure the country can maintain power and communication channels free from Moscow’s influence. The sabotage of estlink 2 served as a stark reminder of the vulnerabilities faced by nations striving to resist external pressure.

Europe’s Reluctance to Call Russia’s Actions What They Are: War

Despite mounting evidence of Russia’s destabilizing tactics, European leaders often avoid labeling these actions as acts of war. This reluctance stems from a desire to avoid escalation, but it also undermines the urgency needed to address the threat. By failing to call out these actions for what they are, Europe risks emboldening further aggression.

Europe’s Path to Self-Reliance: A Call for Stronger Defense

To counter Russia’s covert campaigns, European nations must prioritize self-reliance and strengthen their collective defense capabilities.This includes investing in advanced technology to protect critical infrastructure, enhancing cybersecurity measures, and fostering greater cooperation among member states. A unified approach is essential to deter future attacks and ensure regional stability.

What Concrete Steps Can European Member States Take to Develop a More Unified and Assertive Defense Strategy in Response to Russia’s Aggression?

European member states can take several concrete steps to bolster their defense strategy:

• Increase Defense Spending: Allocate more resources to modernize military capabilities and infrastructure protection.
• Enhance cybersecurity: Develop robust systems to safeguard digital networks and critical data.
• Strengthen Alliances: Foster closer ties with NATO and other international partners to ensure collective security.
• Invest in Innovation: Support research and growth of cutting-edge technologies to stay ahead of emerging threats.
• Promote Clarity: Encourage open communication and facts-sharing among member states to identify and address vulnerabilities.

By taking these steps, Europe can build a more resilient and assertive defense strategy, capable of countering Russia’s aggression and safeguarding its future.

Europe’s Reluctance to label Russia’s actions as War

In December 2024, the European Union imposed sanctions on Russian individuals and entities in response to a series of destabilizing activities. However, the EU’s official statement carefully avoided labeling Moscow’s actions as acts of war, instead describing them as “destabilising” and “malicious.” This reluctance to call the conflict by its true name reflects a broader trend of avoiding direct language when addressing state-sponsored violence.

Over the years, policymakers have developed a vocabulary of euphemisms to describe conflict: “cold wars,” “police actions,” “hybrid wars,” and “cyber wars.” Each term serves a specific purpose. For example, Russian President Vladimir Putin refers to his invasion of Ukraine as a “special military operation,” a phrase that masks the harsh realities of war.Similarly, European leaders hesitate to label Russia’s sabotage campaigns outside Ukraine as “war” as doing so would require a more decisive and potentially escalatory response.

Yet, the reality on the ground is undeniable. Putin’s aggression in Ukraine is just one aspect of a broader, increasingly globalized conflict. In late November 2024, an Azerbaijani passenger jet was forced to land in Kazakhstan after being fired upon over Russian airspace.At the same time, North Korean troops were deployed thousands of miles from home to fight on European soil. These incidents highlight the expanding scope of Russia’s destabilizing activities.

European governments have struggled to develop a coherent strategy to counter these threats. While they have provided some support to Ukraine, their efforts have been inconsistent and marked by hesitation. Acknowledging that Russia is waging war would not necessarily compel the EU or its member states to retaliate militarily. though, using the term “war” could sharpen their focus and push them to take stronger measures to defend themselves, especially as reliance on the United States becomes increasingly uncertain.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991—and arguably since the end of World War II in 1945—Europe has largely relied on the United States to manage global conflicts. European nations have contributed troops and equipment but have rarely taken the lead in addressing international crises. This dependency has left Europe vulnerable, particularly as global power dynamics shift and the U.S. becomes less predictable as an ally.

In the aftermath of recent events, Finnish authorities took decisive action by seizing the oil tanker Eagle S. The vessel, registered in the Cook Islands, was en route from St. Petersburg to Egypt and is believed to be part of Russia’s shadow fleet—a network of foreign-flagged tankers used to circumvent international sanctions imposed after Putin’s invasion of ukraine.This move underscores the broader geopolitical chess game, where energy resources and infrastructure are key battlegrounds.

Russia’s strategy is multifaceted.Beyond direct military action, it employs covert operations to weaken its adversaries. By targeting infrastructure,Moscow aims to disrupt the stability of European democracies,making it harder for them to respond effectively. the West, however, often struggles to respond with the same clarity, opting for diplomatic language that sometimes obscures the gravity of the situation.

As tensions continue to rise, the need for a unified and decisive response becomes increasingly urgent.The sabotage of critical infrastructure, such as the Estlink 2 undersea cable, is not an isolated event but part of a broader campaign to undermine European sovereignty. Recognizing and addressing these threats is essential to safeguarding the region’s future.

Europe’s Path to Self-Reliance: A Call for Stronger Defense

In an era of escalating global tensions,Europe finds itself at a pivotal moment. The continent,home to nearly half a billion people and contributing approximately 20% of the world’s GDP,has the resources,technology,and industrial capacity to become a dominant military force. Yet, despite these advantages, Europe has hesitated to fully embrace its potential as a self-reliant defender. The time has come for European leaders to confront this reality and take decisive action.

While nations like the United States and China continue to expand their economic and military influence, Europe’s collective strength remains a formidable asset. Its member states produce some of the most advanced military equipment globally, showcasing their cutting-edge industrial capabilities. however, the lingering question is why Europe has not yet stepped into its role as a unified, independent security power.

The answer lies in a mix of historical complacency and external pressures. The aggressive actions of leaders like Vladimir Putin, combined with the perceived disengagement of former U.S. President Donald Trump,have created a unique opportunity for Europe to rethink its defense strategies. As one analyst noted, “The combination of Putin’s aggression and Trump’s indifference should be an opportunity for Europe to take charge of its own defense.”

But the first step toward this transformation is acknowledging the harsh realities of the present. “Call a war a war,” the analyst urged, emphasizing the need for European leaders to confront the truth head-on. This shift in mindset is essential for crafting a cohesive and proactive defense strategy that prioritizes the continent’s security.

Recent events underscore the urgency of this shift. For instance, Finnish authorities uncovered a covert operation involving the vessel Eagle S, which was allegedly used to sabotage undersea cables in the Baltic sea.Investigators found the ship equipped with advanced surveillance technology, so power-intensive that it caused periodic blackouts. The Eagle S reportedly dragged its anchor across the seabed for dozens of kilometers,targeting the Estlink 2 cable—a critical link between Finland and Estonia.

Such incidents are not isolated but part of a broader campaign to destabilize Europe. By refusing to label these acts as “war,” European leaders risk underestimating the severity of the threat. The term “war” carries weight—it demands attention, accountability, and action. For Europe, recognizing the reality of the situation is the first step toward building a unified and effective response.

As the geopolitical landscape continues to shift, Europe must rethink its approach to security. Leaders must understand that Putin’s ambitions extend far beyond ukraine—he seeks to dismantle the European order itself. Without the assurance of American support, Europe must take charge of its own defense. This means not only investing in military capabilities but also fostering greater unity and resolve among its member states. The stakes are too high to continue avoiding the truth: Europe is already at war, and it’s time to act like it.

Europe’s Path to a Unified Defense Strategy in the Face of Russian Aggression

In an era of growing geopolitical uncertainty, Europe stands at a crossroads. The continent’s ability to safeguard its security and sovereignty hinges on its willingness to embrace a more unified and assertive defense strategy. This is not merely a matter of military strength but a broader commitment to collective responsibility, technological innovation, and the preservation of democratic values. By stepping into a leadership role, Europe can become a stabilizing force in a world that grows more unpredictable by the day.

The challenges are undeniable. Russia’s aggressive tactics, from cyberattacks to sabotage of critical infrastructure, underscore the urgency of the situation. Incidents like the disruption of the Estlink 2 cable and the seizure of the Eagle S vessel, equipped with advanced surveillance technology, reveal a calculated strategy to undermine European stability. These are not isolated acts but part of a broader campaign to weaken democracies and disrupt their autonomy.

Why europe Must Act Now

Russia’s actions are not just provocative—they are acts of war. By targeting critical infrastructure and conducting covert operations within Europe, Russia has made its intentions clear. yet, European leaders have often responded with hesitation, relying on diplomatic language rather than decisive action. This approach risks eroding Europe’s credibility and leaving it vulnerable to further aggression.

To counter these threats, Europe must adopt a extensive defense strategy that goes beyond traditional military measures. This includes:

• Strengthening Cybersecurity: Protecting digital infrastructure from cyberattacks is essential to safeguarding national security.
• securing Critical Infrastructure: Energy grids, communication networks, and transportation systems must be fortified against sabotage.
• Enhancing Intelligence-Sharing: Greater collaboration among member states can improve early detection and response to threats.
• Reducing Energy Dependence: Europe’s reliance on Russian energy has long been a vulnerability. Diversifying energy sources is a critical step toward self-reliance.

A Call for Unity and Resolve

The time for ambiguity is over. Europe must confront the reality of Russia’s aggression and respond with clarity and determination.This means acknowledging that Russia’s actions constitute acts of war and taking decisive steps to counter them. By doing so, Europe can protect its people, uphold its ideals, and ensure the stability of the region for generations to come.

The path to self-reliance is fraught with challenges, but it is not insurmountable. With unity, determination, and a shared vision, Europe can rise to the occasion. The question is not whether Europe can achieve this goal, but whether it will seize the opportunity before it’s too late.

“The sabotage of critical infrastructure, such as the Estlink 2 cable, is a clear indication that Russia is willing to employ a wide range of tactics to achieve its strategic goals.”

Europe’s future depends on the choices it makes today. By prioritizing a unified defense strategy, the continent can emerge as a beacon of stability in an increasingly turbulent world.The stakes are high,but so too is the potential for a brighter,more secure future.

What concrete steps can European member states take to strengthen their defense posture in the face of Russian aggression?

Essive actions, both overt and covert, have exposed vulnerabilities in Europe’s defense posture. From cyberattacks on critical infrastructure to sabotage operations targeting undersea cables, Moscow’s strategy is designed to destabilize and weaken European democracies. These threats demand a coordinated and decisive response, one that transcends national borders and political divisions.

To achieve this,European member states must take several concrete steps:

1. Increase Defense Spending and Modernize Capabilities:

European nations must allocate more resources to defense,ensuring that their militaries are equipped with modern technology and infrastructure. This includes investing in advanced weaponry, cyber defense systems, and critical infrastructure protection. A stronger defense budget will not only deter aggression but also signal Europe’s commitment to self-reliance.

1. Strengthen European Defense Cooperation:

While NATO remains a cornerstone of European security, the EU must deepen it’s own defense integration. Initiatives like the European Defense Fund and Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) are steps in the right direction, but they need greater funding and political support. A unified European defense strategy would reduce duplication, enhance interoperability, and create a more cohesive response to threats.

1. Invest in Cybersecurity and Emerging Technologies:

As Russia and other adversaries increasingly rely on cyberattacks and hybrid warfare, Europe must prioritize cybersecurity. This includes developing robust systems to protect critical infrastructure,such as energy grids and dialog networks. Additionally, Europe should invest in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, drones, and quantum computing to maintain a technological edge.

1. Foster Greater Unity and Political Will:

A unified defense strategy requires political consensus and a shared sense of purpose. European leaders must overcome historical divisions and prioritize collective security over national interests. This includes addressing internal disagreements on issues like energy dependence, sanctions enforcement, and military aid to Ukraine.

1. Enhance Intelligence Sharing and Early Warning Systems:

European nations must improve intelligence-sharing mechanisms to detect and respond to threats more effectively.This includes establishing early warning systems for cyberattacks, sabotage operations, and other forms of hybrid warfare. Greater openness and cooperation among member states will strengthen Europe’s ability to anticipate and counter Russian aggression.

1. Reduce Energy Dependence on Russia:

Energy security is a critical component of Europe’s defense strategy.By diversifying energy sources and accelerating the transition to renewable energy,Europe can reduce its vulnerability to Russian energy coercion. This will also weaken Moscow’s leverage and limit its ability to fund military operations.

1. Engage with Global Partners:

While europe must take charge of its own defense, it should also strengthen partnerships with like-minded nations, including the United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia. These alliances can provide additional support and resources, particularly in areas like intelligence sharing, technology development, and sanctions enforcement.

1. Public Awareness and Resilience Building:

European governments must engage their citizens in the defense effort by raising awareness of the threats posed by Russian aggression. This includes educating the public about cybersecurity, disinformation campaigns, and the importance of critical infrastructure protection. Building societal resilience will ensure that Europe can withstand and recover from potential attacks.

By taking these steps, Europe can develop a more unified and assertive defense strategy capable of countering Russian aggression and safeguarding its future. The time for hesitation and reliance on external powers is over. europe must embrace its role as a global security leader, not only for its own sake but for the stability of the international order. The stakes are too high to continue avoiding the truth: Europe is already at war, and it’s time to act like it.