There is a lot of solar panels in Pakistan at the moment. According to a Bloomberg NEF report, 13 GW of solar panels were imported from China in the first half of 2024. According to one project developer, importing such a large number of solar panels resulted in solar panels being “seen on the roads.” In 2023, the demand for solar panels in Pakistan is about 3.5 GW, and in early 2024, Pakistan will be the target for Chinese solar exports. became the third largest market.
Muhammad Mujahid, executive director of Innovo Corp, said that in 2022, Pakistan’s central bank faced a dollar shortage, leading to a trade deficit and an informal ban on imports. Only essential goods such as medicine and food could be imported, which meant that distributors were unable to bring in solar panels for nearly nine months.
Despite these restrictions, some solar panels were imported. Generally, a letter of credit (LC) is required from the importer’s bank to import goods. However during the foreign exchange crisis in 2022, issuance of LCs was limited. This situation provided an opportunity for the big players in the market to take advantage.
Hussain Khan of Wateen Energy Solutions said that the direct cost of importing the panels was $0.15 per watt while they were being sold at $0.30 per watt in the local market, a 100 percent profit in the trading business. Seeing the profit rate, everyone started ordering solar panels. Companies that were also exporting rice ventured into this business. For example, they exported rice and now they could bring their dollars back from other countries and suddenly the distribution of solar panels increased significantly.
Mohammad Mujahid said that selling solar panels was not a problem and no experience was necessary, meaning that it was not difficult for you to amortize solar panels from grade A manufacturing companies and sell them in the local market. .
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**Question 1:** What are the key factors that have contributed to the rapid growth of solar panel imports in Pakistan in 2024?
### Interview: The Current Landscape of Solar Energy in Pakistan
**Interviewer:** Thank you for joining us today. With the recent surge in solar panel imports, particularly 13 GW in the first half of 2024, how has this influx changed the solar energy landscape in Pakistan?
**Guest:** Thank you for having me. Indeed, the massive import of solar panels, mainly from China, has greatly transformed our solar market. Previously, in 2023, we had a demand for about 3.5 GW, but now we are witnessing solar panels almost “seen on the roads” due to their high availability. This influx puts Pakistan in the spotlight, becoming the third largest market for Chinese solar exports.
**Interviewer:** That’s fascinating. I understand that this surge followed some turbulent economic times for Pakistan’s energy sector. Can you elaborate on what happened in 2022 that impacted solar imports?
**Guest:** Certainly. In 2022, Pakistan faced a severe dollar shortage, leading to a trade deficit. The central bank effectively imposed informal restrictions on imports, which meant only essential goods could be brought into the country for nearly nine months. This situation profoundly affected many sectors, including solar energy. However, some distributors managed to import solar panels during this time, often exploiting the limited issuance of Letters of Credit.
**Interviewer:** How did companies react to this market opening after restrictions?
**Guest:** There was a significant reaction among traders. For example, Hussain Khan from Wateen Energy Solutions noted that the cost of importing panels was only $0.15 per watt, while they sold for $0.30 locally, realizing a 100% profit. This profit margin drew many players into the market, including those from sectors like rice exports, all keen to capitalize on the opportunities presented by solar energy.
**Interviewer:** Given that many were entering the business, what has been the impact on pricing and profitability in 2024?
**Guest:** The sheer volume of panels available in 2024 has caused a rapid decrease in profit margins. We are seeing some companies even sell at a loss as competition increases. Interestingly, many expected this boom to last longer, but the quick saturation has surprised many in the industry.
**Interviewer:** What does the future look like for solar energy investments in Pakistan?
**Guest:** Investment is very much encouraged, particularly from both multinational and local companies. As Hussain Khan pointed out, nearly everyone with capital is now venturing into solar. The return on investment is generally seen within 18 to 24 months. Despite potential reductions in net metering benefits, the rising electricity prices mean that solar power remains a valuable investment for many.
**Interviewer:** Lastly, could you share insights on how government policies and market dynamics are influencing the growth of solar energy?
**Guest:** Government policies, particularly those of NEPRA, play a crucial role. Factors such as currency devaluation, transmission losses, and governance issues affect electricity pricing and thus impact solar energy’s appeal. As we continue to address these challenges, I believe the solar market will stabilize and mature, fostering a more sustainable energy future for Pakistan.
**Interviewer:** Thank you for your insights. It’s clear that while challenges exist, the potential for solar energy in Pakistan is immense.
**Guest:** Thank you for having me! It’s an exciting time for renewable energy in Pakistan, and I look forward to seeing how the sector evolves.