There is a lot of solar panels in Pakistan at the moment. According to a Bloomberg NEF report, 13 GW of solar panels were imported from China in the first half of 2024. According to one project developer, importing such a large number of solar panels resulted in solar panels being “seen on the roads.” In 2023, the demand for solar panels in Pakistan is about 3.5 GW, and in early 2024, Pakistan will be the target for Chinese solar exports. became the third largest market.
Muhammad Mujahid, executive director of Innovo Corp, said that in 2022, Pakistan’s central bank faced a shortage of dollars, leading to a trade deficit and an informal ban on imports. Only essential goods such as medicine and food could be imported, which meant that distributors were unable to bring in solar panels for nearly nine months.
Despite these restrictions, some solar panels were imported. Generally, a letter of credit (LC) is required from the importer’s bank to import goods. However during the foreign exchange crisis in 2022, issuance of LCs was limited. This situation provided an opportunity for the big players in the market to take advantage.
Hussain Khan of Wateen Energy Solutions said that the direct cost of importing the panels was $0.15 per watt while they were being sold at $0.30 per watt in the local market, a 100 percent profit in the trading business. Seeing the profit rate, everyone started ordering solar panels. Companies that were also exporting rice ventured into this business. For example, they exported rice and now they could bring their dollars back from other countries and suddenly the distribution of solar panels increased significantly.
Mohammad Mujahid said that selling solar panels was not a problem and no experience was necessary, meaning that it was not difficult for you to amortize solar panels from grade A manufacturing companies and sell them in the local market. .
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What challenges does the solar energy industry in Pakistan still face, despite the recent growth in the market?
**Interview with Muhammad Mujahid, Executive Director of Innovo Corp.**
**Editor:** Thank you for joining us today, Muhammad. There’s been a significant influx of solar panels in Pakistan recently, with reports indicating that 13 GW were imported from China in the first half of 2024. What has driven this surge in solar panel imports?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Thank you for having me. The primary driver has been the growing demand for solar energy in Pakistan. Despite facing a trade deficit in 2022 and various import restrictions, the market has rebounded. The demand for solar panels reached about 3.5 GW in 2023, and projections suggest even higher demand moving forward. Additionally, the opportunity for profit in this sector has attracted many distributors and even businesses that traditionally operated in different sectors, like rice exporting, to pivot into solar panel distribution.
**Editor:** It sounds like the market dynamics have changed considerably. What challenges did the industry face during the foreign exchange crisis of 2022?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** The crisis was a significant hurdle. The central bank faced a dollar shortage, which resulted in an informal ban on non-essential imports. For nearly nine months, distributors couldn’t bring in solar panels, creating a backlog. Issuance of letters of credit was also limited, which meant that many potential importers had to pause their operations. However, some larger players managed to navigate through the restrictions by leveraging their existing business networks.
**Editor:** And now, with the volume of imports at an all-time high, how has this impacted pricing in the local market?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** The market has become quite competitive. Initially, the cost of importing panels was around $0.15 per watt, but on the local market, they were being sold at $0.30 per watt. That created huge profit margins, driving interest from various sectors. However, with so many panels flooding the market now, we’re starting to see prices drop, and in some cases, companies are selling at a loss. It was unexpected; I thought we would have a longer run before such adjustments were made.
**Editor:** Some analysts are suggesting that investment is shifting towards solar energy. Can you elaborate on where you see the future of solar energy in Pakistan heading?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Absolutely. We are seeing substantial investments from both local and multinational companies in photovoltaic technology. Everyone who has capital is considering solar — it’s viewed as a straightforward investment. The return on investment typically starts showing results within 18 to 24 months, making it an attractive option. Even if net metering becomes less profitable, the rising electricity prices will keep solar energy appealing to investors.
**Editor:** There are always factors that can affect the industry. What are the main challenges that still lie ahead for solar energy in Pakistan?
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Key challenges include government policies, regulatory hurdles, and the need for better infrastructure. Electricity pricing continues to be influenced by multiple factors, including currency devaluation and distribution losses. Addressing these challenges could enhance the viability and attractiveness of solar energy further, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
**Editor:** Thank you for your insights, Muhammad. It’s clear that while there are challenges, the potential for solar energy in Pakistan remains strong.
**Muhammad Mujahid:** Thank you for having me; it was a pleasure discussing these important issues.