There is a lot of solar panels in Pakistan at the moment. According to a Bloomberg NEF report, 13 GW of solar panels were imported from China in the first half of 2024. According to one project developer, importing such a large number of solar panels resulted in solar panels being “seen on the roads.” In 2023, Pakistan will have a demand for solar panels of about 3.5 GW, and in early 2024, Pakistan will be the target for Chinese solar exports. became the third largest market.
Muhammad Mujahid, executive director of Innovo Corp, said that in 2022, Pakistan’s central bank faced a dollar shortage, leading to a trade deficit and an informal ban on imports. Only essential goods such as medicine and food could be imported, which meant distributors were unable to bring in solar panels for nearly nine months.
Despite these restrictions, some solar panels were imported. Generally, a letter of credit (LC) is required from the importer’s bank to import goods. However during the foreign exchange crisis in 2022, issuance of LCs was limited. This situation provided an opportunity for the big players in the market to take advantage.
Hussain Khan of Wateen Energy Solutions said that the direct cost of importing the panels was $0.15 per watt while they were being sold at $0.30 per watt in the local market, a 100 percent profit in the trading business. Seeing the profit rate, everyone started ordering solar panels. Companies that were also exporting rice ventured into this business. For example, they exported rice and now they could bring back their dollars from other countries and suddenly the distribution of solar panels increased significantly.
Mohammad Mujahid said that selling solar panels was not a problem and no experience was necessary, meaning that it was not difficult for you to amortize solar panels from grade A manufacturing companies and sell them in the local market. .
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In what ways can local and multinational collaborations enhance the development and sustainability of the solar energy sector in Pakistan?
**Interview with Haniya Asad, Energy Finance Specialist at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)**
**Editor:** Thank you for joining us today, Haniya. Pakistan is seeing a remarkable surge in solar panel imports from China. What do you believe are the driving factors behind this trend?
**Haniya Asad:** Thank you for having me. The surge in solar panel imports can be attributed to several factors, including Pakistan’s increasing energy crisis and the rising costs of electricity. With demand outstripping supply, businesses and consumers are turning to solar energy as a viable alternative. The influx of panels also coincides with a growing awareness about renewable energy’s potential in mitigating energy costs in the long term.
**Editor:** Muhammad Mujahid from Innovo Corp mentioned a dollar shortage and import restrictions in 2022 affecting the solar market. How did those challenges influence the current solar panel demand?
**Haniya Asad:** The challenges faced in 2022 indeed created a backlog. With essential goods being prioritized for import, solar panels were hard to come by, which compressed supply while demand kept rising. This scarcity led to a significant increase in orders once the situation began to stabilize. Now, with the revival of imports and existing trade dynamics, the market is responding rapidly to meet that pent-up demand.
**Editor:** Hussain Khan from Wateen Energy Solutions highlighted huge profit margins when importing solar panels. How sustainable do you think this business model is?
**Haniya Asad:** While high-profit margins can lure many players into the market, sustainability will depend on various factors, including the stability of solar panel prices and ongoing demand. If the market is oversaturated, we could see profit margins shrink significantly, as noted for 2024. Therefore, while solar energy remains attractive for investment, companies will need to be savvy and adaptable to the changing landscape.
**Editor:** You touched upon investments from both multinational and local companies in the solar sector. Can you elaborate on their contributions and how they’re shaping the industry?
**Haniya Asad:** Absolutely. The influx of investments from both local and multinational companies is accelerating the adoption of photovoltaic technology in Pakistan. This capital is crucial not only for purchasing equipment but also for enhancing infrastructure and boosting production capabilities. The collaboration between local expertise and international technology can create a robust solar ecosystem that is essential for meeting the country’s energy needs.
**Editor:** With rising electricity prices and declining net metering benefits, is investing in solar panels still a sound financial decision?
**Haniya Asad:** Yes, investing in solar panels remains a sound decision, especially given the sharp rise in electricity prices in Pakistan. Even if net metering becomes less profitable, the ability of solar installations to mitigate high electricity costs translates to savings that are equally beneficial for consumers and businesses. Over time, solar energy can provide significant cost savings, making the initial investment worthwhile.
**Editor:** Thank you, Haniya, for your insights on this important topic. It certainly appears that while the solar industry in Pakistan is undergoing significant changes, there is still great potential for growth and innovation.
**Haniya Asad:** Thank you for having me! It’s an exciting time for solar energy in Pakistan, and I’m hopeful that we’ll continue to see advancements in this vital sector.