As the minister also notes, the flare-up in the Middle East is likely to create even greater pressures and this is a possibility for which the authorities are preparing, however “so far this has not been reflected in practice”. At the same time, he clarifies that in Greece “we will not see images of Idomeni again”.
Responding to the possibility of the creation of new structures, Mr. Panagiotopoulos is categorical, underlining that there is no such possibility and the creation of new permanent structures is not planned, but scenarios for the creation of temporary storage areas in Rhodes and Crete, which will operate exclusively on a 48-hour basis, are being considered . He also emphasizes that the solutions that are selected “are temporary, controllable, and will not burden the daily life of the areas, with absolute priority on safety and cooperation with citizens”.
Referring to the management of immigration at the European level, the minister emphasizes that the European Union is oriented to tighten the immigration policy seeing the pressures that many countries face, considering that “initially the issue of implementing the Turkey-European Union agreement will be raised it has been in force since 2016 and includes returns, with Turkey not carrying them out since 2019.”
The full text of the interview follows
Question: In Greece, have we prepared for the possibility of an increase in flows due to the conflagration in the Middle East? What is the picture of the flows we have in Greece at the moment? And where do those arriving on Greek shores mainly come from at the moment?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: It is a reality that the migration flows in 2024 are shown to be increased compared to 2023. It is characteristic that in the first 9 months of 2024 compared to the corresponding period of 2023, there is a total increase of 25%. Despite the observed increase, however, the country’s structures currently show an occupancy that marginally exceeds 50%. Ongoing tension in the Middle East, Israel’s military operations in South Lebanon, are likely to create new migration pressures. The reality is that so far this is not reflected in practice, but it is a possibility that we are preparing for. The system endures, however it always depends on the number of flows. If an additional migration/refugee crisis arises, the question is whether it will happen in an organized way, based on an evacuation plan with the supervision and organization of Europe, or whether it will happen in an uncontrolled way. I have stated again that in Greece we will not see images of Idomene again. At that time, Greece had no infrastructure to welcome refugees and immigrants, illegal or not. Today it has. Regarding the countries of origin of illegal immigrants, most now come from countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, Syria, Palestine and Afghanistan.
Question: Is there a possibility of creating new structures?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: No. There is no such possibility and I am categorical about it. The creation of new permanent structures is not planned. Scenarios are being considered for the creation of temporary storage areas in Rhodes and Crete where they will operate exclusively on a 48-hour basis. This unit will serve to manage flows quickly and safely, ensuring the safety of both local communities and people entering our country. This process will only take a few days, and there will be no permanent installation. Our goal is to deal with the arrivals quickly and efficiently, avoiding the prolonged stay of these people in the areas. We are in constant dialogue with local communities to ensure that our decisions take residents’ concerns into account. The solutions we recommend are temporary, controllable, and will not burden the daily life of the areas, with absolute priority on safety and cooperation with citizens.
Question: Decisive action at all levels to facilitate, increase and speed up returns from the EU, European leaders called for in the conclusions of the Migration Summit. This is something many countries have been asking for for years. How can it be done and in what direction will Europe attempt it?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: Returns are a very important issue and have been on the table for a long time in the general discussion of the EU member states on immigration. As we can see with the recent letter of the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, the European Union is oriented to tighten the immigration policy, seeing the pressures that many countries face, the reactions of the governments of these countries that come from the pressures that also come from society, which resents it. The manner and direction is a matter of negotiation. I estimate that initially the issue will be raised of the implementation of the Turkey-European Union agreement that has been in force since 2016 and includes returns, with Turkey not carrying them out since 2019. However, it is also the third countries and the countries of origin. There are several issues there. Most important of all is the compliance of the countries of origin, to accept back those whom the European Union wants to return, because they do not meet the criteria for granting asylum. The bottom line is that the return debate is on for good.
Question: Recently, more and more voices in Europe have emphasized that diplomacy and migration policy must go hand in hand. How important is this synergy?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: The synergy between diplomacy and migration policy is of crucial importance, as we are dealing with an international phenomenon that requires cooperation and coordination at multiple levels. Through diplomacy, we seek to develop strong relationships with the countries of origin and transit of migrants, to ensure more effective management of flows and certainly the issue of returns. So automatically, the synergy of politics and diplomacy is crucial for the development of the issue.
Question: You have spoken many times about the need for European immigration management. How can cooperation between member states be shaped?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: Our position was and remains stable. Immigration is a European problem which requires European solutions and, in turn, these require cooperation between the member states. We co-shape the debate that has begun in Europe to tighten provisions on asylum and returns. What should not only not be done, but should be avoided at all costs, are unilateral actions. That is, decisions of states, arbitrarily and unilaterally without a consensus at the European level. If we do not understand that this problem needs European agreement, we will not agree – and there our country is in danger of taking on a greater burden than it should. This is also the reason why we ruled out mass refunds to our German partners and emphasized that refunds are on the table, but as provided for by current European legislation. In any case, let’s not go alone. We all have to find the solution together and it seems that this discussion is starting and it will have results.
Question: You’ve also talked several times about the role of traffickers, you’ve said that we don’t talk about that part enough. Do we as a country have a proposal for this in Europe?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: Indeed, the discussion about the criminal activity of traffickers is not in the dimension it should be. I think from now on, there will be more emphasis on fighting these circuits. We are talking about criminal organizations that profit by trafficking people illegally. Refugees are a real and distinct issue. Its root is war, but human trafficking and irregular migration are also distinct. Not all refugees are trafficked through these criminal organizations, and this is troubling. As it is troubling that the rate of entry of flows into Europe is imposed by traffickers in the context of their criminal activity and not by the sovereign member states in the context of an integrated migration policy with a reference point of legal labor migration. In our country, it is a given that the pressure we receive on the islands mainly of the South-East Aegean, around the Dodecanese, from Turkey, where organized traffickers operate there, which for me should be dealt with decisively. This presupposes the cooperation of Greece and Turkey on the one hand. There is already a cooperation, but the foundations should be further improved to tackle the traffickers’ rings.
Question: There is already a wave of misinformation about the Centers that will house rejected asylum seekers. What is the truth?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: As long as they maintain their status as asylum seekers, they will remain and be accommodated in the structures of the Reception Service. If their request is definitively rejected, the process of returning them either to their country of origin or to a safe third country begins. The implementation of these procedures is the responsibility of the Hellenic Police, and the places of detention for this purpose, according to the law, are the pre-departure centers of the Police (PROKEKA).
Question: There are countries like Belgium that are already preparing to implement the new Pact on Asylum and Migration. Are we preparing in Greece? Is there sufficient funding for the measures to be implemented?
Nikos Panagiotopoulos: It’s not just Belgium. All of the EU member states are in the preparatory stage of the national implementation plans which they will submit to the European Commission by 14/12/2024. Likewise, our country, after having carried out a coordinated assessment of the future needs, which will arise due to the implementation of the new Pact, will be ready to submit the national plan for the implementation of the Pact within a deadline. Of course, we are in a much better fate than the rest, given that since 2016 our country has implemented border procedures, while from 2019 onwards it has appropriate hospitality structures and a standard reception and asylum system. Clearly, for the implementation of the above plan, additional funding will be needed and technical negotiations have already begun in order for our country, as a front-line country, to receive, if not the lion’s share, then certainly a particularly increased amount compared to other member states with smaller immigration numbers. pressures.
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