G. Papavasileiou and K. Lagouvardos report that the hottest summer recorded in our country was that of 2024 in their article on meteo.gr.
As they point out in it, the temperature moved above the normal levels for the season and almost in the whole country the temperature deviation exceeded 3 degrees Celsius, making it the warmest on record.
It is worth noting here that the measurements used by the scientists were made at an altitude of 1500 from sea level, so that the actual temperature can be clearly and without human intervention.
As emphasized therein, the assessment of temperature anomalies over an area can be done in many different ways using various methods and data, for example meteorological station observations, radio broadcasts as well as numerical weather model data.
The entire article
In this article we first present the analysis of the temperature at the level of 850 hPa (~1500 meters above the surface), a level which allows the monitoring of the thermal characteristics of the gas masses affecting an area.
The map below shows for the quarter of June-August 2024 the total temperature deviation at the level of 1500 meters above the Northern Hemisphere and which shows that for most of it the average temperature moved above normal levels for the season. The largest positive temperature deviations (> 2-3 ˚C) are found in parts of Eastern and Central Europe, North America, the Arctic Ocean and Central Asia.
In our country the temperature moved above the normal levels for the season and almost in the entire country the temperature deviation exceeded 3 degrees Celsius, making it the warmest on record.
Graph 1: Temperature deviations at the isobaric level of 850 hPa (~1500 meters above the surface) during the summer months (June-August) of 2024 for the Northern Hemisphere.
We then focus on our country and rank the last 45 summers (1979-2024) by calculating the sum of hours where the temperature at the isobaric level of 850 hPa (~1500 meters above the surface) exceeds 99% of the temperature distribution values that have been observed between 1981-2010 and which we define as extreme warm hours.
The analysis shows that the summer of 2024 was the hottest in 45 years with 259 extremely hot hours, breaking the recent record of 2021 with 17 more extremely hot hours (Graph 2). The specific results naturally correlate with the multiple periods of very high temperatures that affected our country during the summer of 2024.
Graph 2: Sum of extreme hot hours per summer (June-August) during the period 1979-2024.
Data source: The analysis is based on ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).
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