In recent years, microbes have caused higher methane emissions than fossil fuels – ceskatelevize.cz/ct24

3 h hours ago|Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder

A thermal camera detects methane emissions

Emissions of the greenhouse gas methane are increasing, and recently quite sharply. When researchers analyzed the sources of methane in new research, they unexpectedly found that its main source is not fossil fuels, but microbes. According to them, the results deserve further analysis.

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas that is responsible for about a third of the warming since the Industrial Revolution. Although the Earth’s atmosphere contains less methane than carbon dioxide, the problem is that methane traps about thirty times more heat than carbon dioxide over a hundred-year horizon. At the same time, it decomposes much faster. The combination of both of these factors makes it an ideal target for addressing climate change.

“Understanding where methane comes from will help us find effective strategies to mitigate emissions,” said lead researcher Sylvia Michel of University of Colorado in Boulder. “We need to know more about these emissions to understand what future climate we can expect.”

How to find the source of pollution

Scientists searched for the source of the emissions in cooperation with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It receives air samples from twenty-two locations around the world every week. The researchers then isolate different components of the air, for example CO2 or methane, which they then analyze.

By examining the types of carbon atoms, or isotopes, that a sample of methane contains, scientists can determine its source. For example, methane from fossil fuels has more of the isotope carbon-13 than methane in the air. And methane from microbial sources contains even less carbon-13. NOAA has been measuring methane isotopes since 1998.

At the turn of the millennium, the growth of methane emissions slowed down, but this only lasted until 2007. After that, the concentration of this gas in the atmosphere began to increase rapidly again. In 2020, NOAA reported the highest growth rate since it began collecting data in 1983, and in 2021 this record was broken again.

“The concentration of methane in the air has almost tripled since 1700,” the authors of the study also point out. Sylvia Michel further noted that there has been a surprising decrease in the isotope carbon-13 over the past seventeen years. Together with her team, she decided to understand what was causing this change.

The culprit of a big problem is a small one

Using computer simulations, the team of scientists modeled three different emission scenarios to see which one would leave an isotopic footprint similar to the one observed. The researchers concluded that the drastic increase in atmospheric methane between 2020 and 2022 was almost entirely due to microbial sources.

Since 2007, scientists have observed that microbes play a significant role in methane emissions, but only as of 2020, their share has increased sharply to more than ninety percent.

“Some earlier studies suggested that the main source of the increase in methane in recent years was human activity, especially fossil fuels,” the authors said. “However, these studies did not look at the isotopic profile of methane, which could have led to different conclusions and an incomplete picture of global methane emissions.”

It is important to note that the authors do not dispute the fact that humans are behind current climate change. Although the results of this new study indicate that microbes have emitted more methane than fossil fuels in recent years, they do not address why the microorganisms do this, what drives them to do so, and whether this new behavior could be caused by the impact of human activity on Earth.

The answer to the basic question is missing

But the most important thing remains unclear. And whether the increased microbial emissions come from natural sources, such as wetlands, or from man-made sources, such as landfills and agriculture. But scientists are already planning further, even deeper research, which should distinguish even these sources of methane.

“In a warming world, it wouldn’t be surprising if any of these sources were emitting more methane,” Michel noted. According to her, microbes, just like humans, tend to have a faster metabolism when it’s warmer. “As a result, more methane could remain in the atmosphere, accelerating global warming. So we have to solve the climate crisis and that means solving CO2 emissions,” she added.

The authors add that reducing fossil fuel consumption remains the key to addressing climate change. According to them, reducing food waste and consuming less red meat can also contribute to reducing the methane footprint.

Let’s Talk About Methane, Baby!

Ah, methane—the gas that has us all wondering, could my dinner be the planet’s biggest foe? It seems the latest research from the University of Colorado at Boulder has turned the world of greenhouse gases upside down, and it’s time we had a chat about the smelly little culprit: microbes!

The Greenhouse Gas Game Changer

It turns out that while we’ve all been pointing fingers at fossil fuels as the prime suspect for our climate woes, nature’s tiniest creatures are stealing the show. That’s right; microbes—those darling little minuscule nuisances—are now heralded as the main source of methane emissions. You’ve got to hand it to them, they’ve really upped their game!

Now, here’s a juicy bit: methane is heating things up approximately thirty times more effectively than carbon dioxide over a century! It’s like having a three-course meal where methane is the dessert that’s just too sweet and keeps us coming back for more toxic fun!

According to lead researcher Sylvia Michel, “Understanding where methane comes from will help us find effective strategies to mitigate emissions.” Well, Sylvia, if you ask me, it sounds like we’re going on a wild goose chase—except instead of geese, it’s all about those pesky microbes!

Follow Your Nose: The Science of Sniffing Out Emissions

How exactly do scientists track down these gaseous offenders? Enter the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a group that takes air samples from various locations around the globe because, let’s be honest, you can’t have too many air samples, can you?

Using some fancy science—think isotope analysis they’ve been perfecting since 1998—researchers have finally put all those schoolyard myths about where our emissions come from to the test. They’ve been analyzing the types of carbon atoms in methane to figure out if they should blame Mother Nature or Father Fossil Fuel.

The Surprising Struggles of Our Microbial Friends

What’s shocking is that from 2020 to 2022, microbial sources of methane skyrocketed to over ninety percent! It’s as if our little microbial friends decided that they wanted to take center stage, leaving fossil fuels in the dust like a has-been ex-actor.

But here’s where it gets murky: while humans are still the principal architects of climate chaos, we can’t deny that these microbes are also on a wild metabolic high! Sylvia points out that rising temperatures encourage this speedy digestion—think of microbes like the overeager party Alex Reed who just can’t stop eating. And we all know what happens after that…

The Great Unknown: What’s Really Going On?

The study leaves us with some big questions. Are the increased emissions coming from natural wetlands or from human-made landfills and farms? This is the scientific equivalent of, “Who’s your daddy?” Scientists are already plotting further research to disentangle this microbial mess, and honestly, about time!

At the end of the day, we need to remember that while these sneaky microbes are part of the problem, we humans still play a starring role in the climate drama. Reducing fossil fuel consumption remains pivotal, along with cutting back on food waste, and perhaps—oh, the horror—eating less red meat!

Wrapping It Up

So, the next time you crack open a bottle of fizzy drink and exhale some methane of your own (but let’s not get into that right now), just remember: the real villains in the greenhouse gas saga might not be the ones you expect. It’s a wild, microbial world out there, and we’re all just trying to figure out how to beat the heat every day!

Stay sharp, stay observant, and let’s not let the planet get too steamed! Cheers!