Risks Associated with Gestational Surrogacy: A Comprehensive Study
A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine [1] indicates that surrogate mothers are at higher risk of experiencing complications graves during pregnancy and early postpartum.
Documenting the Risks of Gestational Surrogacy
To reach this conclusion, researchers compared three types of conception: unassisted, through in vitro fertilization (IVF), and surrogacy (GPA). They examined data on 863,017 non-multiple births after more than 20 weeks of gestation in Ontario between 2012 and 2021. Among these births, 16,087 were through IVF, and 806 occurred via GPA.
“The study was motivated by the increase in the use of surrogacy worldwide and the lack of information on the impact of this reproductive modality on pregnancy outcomes, both for the surrogate and her offspring,” explains the study’s lead author, Dr. Maria Velez, an associate professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Queen’s University.
An Increased Risk of Severe Maternal Morbidity
The researchers discovered that the risk of severe maternal morbidity was significantly higher in cases of surrogacy, reported at 8%, compared to 4% for IVF and 2% for natural conception. Additionally, surrogates face elevated risks of:
- Hypertensive disorders: High blood pressure issues during pregnancy.
- Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding following childbirth.
Impact on Neonatal Outcomes
Although GPA has been associated with premature births [2], the risk of severe neonatal morbidity remains “less obvious.” This suggests that while maternal risks are heightened, the implications for the newborn may vary and require further investigation.
Limitations of the Study
Researchers noted some limitations in their findings, including:
- Lack of information regarding the reasons why sponsors opted for surrogacy.
- Details on the origin of gametes used for conception.
- Specifics of the type of IVF utilized.
- Motivations behind surrogates agreeing to participate in the surrogacy process.
These factors could potentially influence both maternal health and neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for future research in these areas.
Understanding the Risks of Gestational Surrogacy
Surrogacy is an increasingly common reproductive technology, allowing families to have children even when the intended mother cannot carry a pregnancy. However, the risks associated with the surrogacy process are significant and warrant careful consideration by all parties involved.
Key Risks for Surrogate Mothers
Surrogate mothers may face a variety of health risks, including:
| Risk Category | Risk Percentage |
|---|---|
| Severe Maternal Morbidity | 8% |
| Hypertensive Disorders | Increased Risk |
| Postpartum Hemorrhage | Increased Risk |
| Premature Births | Associated with GPA |
Future Research Directions
Further research is essential to understand the diverse factors influencing the health of gestational carriers and their infants. Upcoming studies could lead to improved safety protocols and better health outcomes for surrogates, potentially enhancing the overall surrogacy experience.
Benefits of Gestational Surrogacy
While the risks are significant, gestational surrogacy can also present benefits, such as:
- Family Planning: Enables couples to have children when traditional methods are not feasible.
- Emotional Fulfillment: Provides a unique opportunity for intended parents to connect with their newborn from birth.
- Health Monitoring: Regular health check-ups for surrogates can lead to early detection of complications.
Case Studies and First-Hand Experiences
Many families have shared their journeys through gestational surrogacy, highlighting both challenges and successes. These narratives can offer valuable insights into the emotional landscape and complexities of the surrogacy process.
Individuals considering this pathway are encouraged to connect with support groups and professionals who can provide guidance based on firsthand experiences.
As gestational surrogacy continues to grow, so does the need for research aimed at enhancing safety and health outcomes for surrogates and their children.
[1] Severe Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity Among Gestational Carriers: A cohort Study, Annals of Internal Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.7326/M24-0417
[2] Before 37 weeks of pregnancy
Source: Medical Xpress, ICES (23/09/2024)