2024-09-24 11:13:00
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 24
Opinions of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Office of the State Council on strengthening the protection of cultivated land, improving the quality of cultivated land and improving the balance between occupation and compensation
(February 5, 2024)
Food security is the “biggest thing in a country”, and cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has adopted a series of hard measures to adhere to the red line of cultivated land protection. At the same time, my country’s national situation of more people and less land has not changed. The problems of “non-agriculturalization” and “non-grain” of cultivated land are still prominent. The situation of cultivated land protection remains severe and the task becomes more arduous. In order to strengthen the protection of cultivated land, improve the quality of cultivated land, and improve the balance between occupation and compensation, with the approval of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the following opinions are hereby put forward.
1. Overall requirements
To strengthen the protection of cultivated land, improve the quality of cultivated land, and improve the balance of occupation and compensation, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party, implement the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, and convert cultivated land into As a systematic project, protection adheres to the “three-in-one” protection of cultivated land quantity, quality, and ecology, respects laws, takes advantage of the situation, adapts measures to local conditions, and works for a long time. It fully mobilizes the enthusiasm of various entities to protect cultivated land, improves cultivated land production capacity, steadily expands agricultural production space, and secures food. Security initiative lays a solid foundation for food security for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.
What you need to do at work:
——Adhere to equal emphasis on quantity and quality. On the premise of maintaining the overall stability of the amount of cultivated land, we will make every effort to improve the quality of cultivated land, adhere to the combination of high-standard agricultural land construction and agricultural land water conservancy construction, and truly build permanent basic agricultural land into high-standard agricultural land. Strictly implement the balance between arable land occupation and compensation, and actually achieve a balance in quantity, quality, and production capacity, and resolutely prevent excessive occupation to compensate for less, superiority to supplement inferiority, and occupation of the whole to compensate for the loose land.
——Insist on strict law enforcement. Implement the strictest cultivated land protection system, adopt hard measures to protect cultivated land, implement the main responsibilities of party committees and governments at all levels for cultivating land protection, integrate supervision and law enforcement forces, form a joint force, resolutely curb the “de-agriculturalization” of cultivated land, and prevent Permanent basic agricultural land is “non-grain”.
——Adhere to systematic advancement. We should consider the protection of cultivated land in the construction of Chinese-style modernization where man and nature coexist harmoniously, implement the main functional area strategy, and adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand.
——Adhere to sustainable use. Properly handle the relationship between the short-term and the long-term, promote the combination of cultivation and sustainable utilization of cultivated land, maintain and enhance the fertility of cultivated land, not only meet the needs of the current generation, but also leave more development space for future generations.
The main goal is to implement the clear tasks of protecting cultivated land and permanent basic agricultural land in the new round of land spatial planning. The number of cultivated land nationwide shall not be less than 1.865 billion acres, and the protected area of permanent basic agricultural land shall not be less than 1.546 billion acres. Gradually, the permanent basic agricultural land will be protected. Agricultural land has been built into modern fertile farmland suitable for farming, with guaranteed yields despite droughts and floods, and with high and stable yields; the responsibility for protecting cultivated land has been fully consolidated, the quality management mechanism for cultivated land has been improved, and the balance system for cultivated land occupation and compensation has been strictly regulated. The enthusiasm of various entities to protect cultivated land and grow grain has generally increased. The effective utilization of arable land resources will further enhance the ability to support grain production and the supply of important agricultural products, laying a solid foundation for ensuring national food security and establishing an agricultural power.
2. Comprehensively implement arable land protection responsibilities
(1) Resolutely stabilize the total amount of cultivated land. The protection tasks of cultivated land and permanent basic agricultural land shall be broken down step by step, incorporated into the land spatial planning at all levels, implemented into land parcels and mapped into the database. Party committees and governments at all levels must regard the protection of cultivated land and permanent basic agricultural land as a major political task that must be completed, and ensure that the red line of cultivated land protection is never breached.
(2) Continue to optimize the layout of cultivated land. The southern provinces are orderly restoring some lost farmland to curb the intensifying momentum of “grain transportation from the north to the south.” All localities must combine the third national soil census to conduct soil suitability assessments for agricultural use, and coordinate cultivated land and other agricultural land such as forestland and grassland through the implementation of comprehensive land consolidation, high-standard farmland construction, and high-quality farmland restoration and supplementation. Protect. The Ministry of Natural Resources should work with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and other departments to formulate red line management measures for the protection of permanent basic farmland, promote the integration and adjustment of scattered farmland and permanent basic farmland, and promote centralized contiguous land.
(3) Strictly conduct farmland protection responsibility assessment. Comprehensively implement the equal responsibility of the party and government for farmland protection. The state will assess the implementation of the responsibility system for farmland protection and food security by provincial party committees and governments every year. A “one-vote veto” will be implemented for major issues such as breaching the red line of farmland protection, and serious accountability and lifelong pursuit will be implemented. responsibility. Provincial party committees and governments have overall responsibility for the protection of cultivated land within their provinces, and conduct strict assessments of the implementation of the responsibility system for cultivated land protection and food security by party committees and governments at all levels within the province.
3. Efforts to improve the quality of cultivated land
(4) Strengthen the construction of high-standard agricultural land. Launch an implementation plan for gradually turning permanent basic agricultural land into high-standard agricultural land across the country, clarify the construction content, investment standards and priorities, improve the guarantee mechanism compatible with the construction of high-standard agricultural land, increase investment in the construction of high-standard agricultural land and Strength of management and protection. Carry out regional construction demonstrations and give priority to turning cultivated land in the northeastern black soil areas, plain areas, and areas with water conservancy and irrigation conditions into high-standard agricultural land. Strengthen the central coordination, provincial overall responsibility, city and county implementation, and mass participation mechanisms, strengthen assessment and evaluation, and strictly hold accountable localities that fail to complete annual construction tasks due to non-performance or incorrect performance of duties in accordance with regulations and disciplines. Establish and improve the quality supervision and inspection system for agricultural land construction projects, improve project quality supervision and law enforcement methods, and ensure that high-standard agricultural land is constructed every acre. All localities must improve management and protection mechanisms, clarify management and protection subjects, implement management and protection responsibilities, reasonably ensure management and protection funds, and improve management and protection measures. High-standard agricultural land will be unified into the national agricultural land construction supervision platform, and unauthorized occupation is strictly prohibited to ensure that the number of high-standard agricultural land built in various places will not be reduced.
(5) Strengthen the construction of farmland irrigation and drainage guarantee system. Scientifically formulate a national agricultural land irrigation development plan, coordinate water and soil resource conditions, and promote the increase of irrigated area. Combined with the promotion of national backbone network water source projects and water transmission and distribution projects, a number of new water-saving and ecological irrigation areas will be built. Accelerate the modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas, improve the supporting irrigation and drainage engineering systems, and improve the level of operation, management and protection. Strictly implement the compensation system for occupied agricultural irrigation water sources and irrigation and drainage engineering facilities.
(6) Implement black soil protection projects. Coordinate and promote comprehensive management such as erosion gully control, agricultural land infrastructure construction, and fertile cultivated layer construction, and strengthen the construction of standardized demonstration projects for black soil protection. Improve the black soil quality monitoring and early warning network, and strengthen project implementation evaluation and effectiveness monitoring. Timely adjust and optimize the scope of black soil protection to ensure all necessary protection. Implement local black soil protection subject responsibilities in accordance with the law. Improve departmental coordination mechanisms, coordinate policies, measures, capital projects, etc., and form a joint force for protection. Strictly crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as destroying black soil in accordance with the law.
(7) Strengthen the management of degraded cultivated land. Implement acidification and other degraded farmland treatment projects. Degraded cultivated land such as acidification and latent cultivation should be treated by improving field facilities, improving farming systems, fertilizing the cultivated layer, and applying soil conditioning materials. Accelerate the overall management of soil acidification in key counties. Carry out comprehensive management of desertification, wind erosion and water erosion of cultivated land, and prevent and control water and soil erosion.
(8) Do a good job in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land. Comprehensively understand the status of saline-alkali land resources and establish a quality monitoring system for saline-alkali farmland. Implement saline-alkali cultivated land management projects, carry out saline-alkali cultivated land management and improvement by zoning and classification, and strengthen the prevention and control of cultivated land salinization. The development of reserve resources of cultivated land such as saline-alkali lands will be promoted step by step. Adhere to the combination of “planting to suit the land” and “planting to the land” to cultivate and promote saline-alkali tolerant varieties and practical technologies for saline-alkali land management.
(9) Implement organic matter improvement actions. Formulate and implement an action plan to improve the organic matter of cultivated land, improve and fertilize the soil, increase the fertility of cultivated land, and ensure that the organic matter of cultivated land only increases rather than decreases. Accelerate the promotion of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, and promote land use and land conservation measures such as returning livestock and poultry manure to fields close to the site. Establish a standardized system for improving farmland organic matter and strengthen demonstration leadership.
(10) Improve the quality construction and protection system for cultivated land. Accelerate legislation on farmland quality protection. Improve the cultivated land quality survey and evaluation system and establish unified cultivated land quality assessment methods, standards, and indicators. Surveys and evaluations of cultivated land quality changes are conducted every year, comprehensive evaluations of cultivated land quality are conducted every five years, and national soil surveys are conducted in a timely manner. Establish and improve the cultivated land quality monitoring network system at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels. Improve the investment mechanism for farmland quality protection and construction, and the central and local finances must provide financial guarantee for improving the quality of farmland.
4. Reform and improve the system of balancing farmland occupation and compensation
(11) Reform the management method of balancing accountancy and compensation. Unify all types of cultivated land occupation activities such as non-agricultural construction, afforestation and tree planting, fruit and tea planting into the balanced management of cultivated land occupation and compensation. Replenishing cultivated land adheres to the principle of mainly restoring high-quality cultivated land, supplemented by newly reclaimed cultivated land. Newly reclaimed cultivated land is prohibited in natural protected areas and ecological protection red lines, severely desertified land, severely rocky desertified land, key sand source areas, and sand and dust transmission channels. , steep slopes above 25 degrees, river and lake management areas, key forest areas, state-owned forest farms and other areas will not be used as sources of supplementary farmland in principle. Improve the implementation method of the balance of occupation and compensation, and various implementation entities will reclaim and restore non-cultivated land into cultivated land, and those that meet the regulations can be used as supplementary cultivated land. Adhere to the “use of compensation to determine occupation”, and on the premise of achieving a dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land, the net increase in the stable use of cultivated land in the province will be used as the upper limit of the scale of cultivated land allowed for non-agricultural construction in the next year, and the quota of additional cultivated land for illegal construction will be frozen accordingly. The Ministry of Natural Resources will work with relevant departments to formulate and improve supporting policies for the balance management of cultivated land occupation and compensation.
(12) Improve the implementation mechanism of the balance between occupation and compensation. Establish a mechanism to implement the responsibility for the balance of occupation and compensation. The state controls the total amount of cultivated land in each province (autonomous region and municipality) to ensure that the national cultivated land protection goals are not exceeded; each province (autonomous region and municipality) strengthens the overall planning of the occupation and replenishment of cultivated land within the province to ensure the total annual cultivated land. Dynamic balance; cities and counties should implement it, strictly control the occupation of cultivated land, and replenish and replenish high-quality cultivated land. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should integrate the supplementary cultivated land indicators into the provincial management platform, standardize the adjustment procedures, reasonably determine the adjustment compensation standards, strictly control the adjustment scale, and incorporate the indicator adjustment funds into budget management. We must resolutely prevent and correct the behavior of simply pursuing the target of replenishing cultivated land and forcibly replenishing it regardless of natural conditions. For major national construction projects in areas that are ecologically fragile and bear key tasks of ecological protection, the state will coordinate cross-provincial and centralized reclamation, and provide targeted support to implement the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation.
(13) Strengthen compensation incentives for entities that supplement cultivated land. All types of non-agricultural construction, afforestation, tree planting, fruit and tea planting, etc. that occupy cultivated land must fulfill the responsibility of replenishing cultivated land. If there is no condition to replenish the cultivated land on their own, the non-agricultural construction must pay cultivated land reclamation fees in accordance with regulations. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should formulate fee standards for cultivated land reclamation fees and other expenses based on actual conditions, classify and subject them, and adjust them in a timely manner, and make overall arrangements for funds to be used for cultivated land protection and quality improvement. All localities may provide appropriate compensation to entities that have not occupied cultivated land but have reclaimed or restored cultivated land.
(14) Improve the quality inspection and acceptance system for supplementary cultivated land. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs should work with the Ministry of Natural Resources to introduce supplementary farmland quality acceptance methods, improve acceptance standards, and strengthen rigid constraints. The cultivated land that is reclaimed and rehabilitated must meet the requirements for high-standard agricultural land construction, meet the standards of suitable farming, guaranteed harvests during droughts and floods, high and stable yields, and be concentrated and contiguous, and can be used stably for a long time. Those whose quality does not meet the standards shall not be used to replenish the occupied cultivated land. Improve the follow-up management, maintenance and re-evaluation mechanism of supplemented cultivated land, and incorporate the subsequent fertilization, management and maintenance of supplemented cultivated land into the cost of occupied cultivated land. The main body of replenishing cultivated land must fulfill the responsibilities of subsequent fertilization, management and protection, and continue to mature the soil and cultivate the soil fertility.
5. Mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and local governments to protect cultivated land and grow grain.
(15) Increase the income of grain farmers. We will improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and improve price, subsidy, and insurance policies. Promote the development of modern intensive agriculture, implement various forms of moderate-scale operations, improve production efficiency, increase comparative returns from grain planting, and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for protecting cultivated land and growing grain.
(16) Improve the compensation mechanism for farmland protection and grain production benefits. Increase support for major grain-producing areas, fully mobilize local enthusiasm for cultivated land protection and grain production, and form a joint effort to protect cultivated land in major grain-producing areas, main sales areas, and production-marketing balance areas. Implement an economic reward and punishment mechanism for cultivated land protection, collect economic compensation from provinces with gaps in cultivated land protection tasks, and provide economic rewards to provinces that undertake more cultivated land protection target tasks.
(17) Strengthen the management and utilization of abandoned land. Based on the national land change survey data and combined with on-the-spot investigations, we will find out the number of abandoned lands and promote their management and utilization by classification. Comprehensive measures such as land trust, planting and farming, and construction of agricultural land and water conservancy facilities will be adopted to resume production as soon as possible.
6. Actively develop various types of non-traditional farmland resources
(18) Make full use of non-cultivated land resources to develop high-efficiency facility agriculture. Strengthen scientific research and development and production investment, promote agricultural production technology transformation and facility construction, explore the scientific use of Gobi and deserts to develop sustainable modern facility agriculture in areas with water resources, and strengthen the construction of modern urban facility agriculture in large and medium-sized cities.
7. Strengthen safeguard measures
(19) Strengthen the party’s leadership. Adhere to the correct political direction and implement the party’s leadership in all aspects of the entire process of farmland protection work. Party committees and governments at all levels must assume the main responsibility for the protection of cultivated land, and departments such as natural resources, agriculture and rural areas, development and reform, finance, ecological environment, water conservancy, forestry and grassland must strengthen coordination and cooperation according to the division of responsibilities. Relevant departments in various regions can formulate supporting documents based on the spirit of this opinion and actual conditions and implement them.
(20) Strict supervision and law enforcement. Establish and improve a working mechanism for hard measures to protect cultivated land, and seriously investigate and deal with all types of illegal occupation of cultivated land with a “zero tolerance” attitude. Strengthen national natural resource inspection, supervise local governments to implement their main responsibilities for cultivated land protection, and continuously improve inspection efficiency. Improve the coordination mechanism between administrative law enforcement agencies, supervisory agencies, discipline inspection and supervision agencies, auditing, organization and personnel departments, strengthen cadre supervision, and strictly pursue accountability; strengthen the coordination between administrative law enforcement agencies, supervisory agencies, and public security agencies, judicial agencies, procuratorial agencies, etc. Collaborate and cooperate to strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and administrative trials and criminal justice work, unify the legal application standards of administrative law enforcement and judicial adjudication, and give full play to the roles of public interest litigation and judicial advice. The rectification and restoration of cultivated land must be realistic, respect laws, protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, appropriately set aside a transition period, and promote it step by step.
(21) Strengthen publicity and guidance. Promote and interpret laws and policies on farmland protection. Smooth social supervision channels, respond to social concerns in a timely manner, guide the whole society to establish strict awareness of the protection of cultivated land, and create a good atmosphere of consciously and proactively protecting cultivated land.
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