In the mobility sector, new innovations are continually emerging in the development of machines that utilize sustainable energy sources. One example is an engine that uses a fuel that is relatively unknown in Spain but is considered futuristic in Japan. Let’s explore what it entails.
The Fuel of the Future: Neither Hydrogen Nor Ammonia
This fuel is known as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Vehicular Natural Gas (VNG). It is sustainable, environmentally friendly, and less expensive than other fossil fuels. It is stored in cylinders located in the trunks of cars at a pressure of 250 bars and is primarily composed of methane.
CNG has a very high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, resulting in significantly lower gas emissions compared to other fuels. Currently, there are many cars with CNG engines in Japan, which are cheaper to operate than conventional vehicles.
Characteristics of the CNG-Powered Engine
First and foremost, it is important to clarify that this is an internal combustion engine that can run on both CNG and gasoline. Vehicles equipped with this engine are bifuel, as opposed to hybrid cars. The distinction lies in the fact that bifuel vehicles have a single engine that operates on two types of fuel.
In contrast, hybrids have two separate engines, each powered by a different fuel; for example, one that runs on gasoline and another that is electric. The CNG engine achieves very thorough fuel combustion, keeping it naturally clean and minimizing issues related to dirty injectors.
This contributes to its significantly lower pollution levels. When compared to a Euro 6 vehicle equipped with a catalytic converter and particulate filter, the CNG engine produces 10% less CO2, 33% fewer nitrogen oxides (NOx), and 95% less particulate matter (PM).
Additionally, cars with CNG engines qualify for the DGT ECO label, marked in green and blue, which corresponds to a similar certification in Japan. In Spain, these vehicles would be granted benefits to promote their use.
Such benefits include a 75% reduction in municipal road tax for six years, a 50% discount on parking meters, permission to drive and park in cities even during high air pollution alerts, access to HOV/BUS lanes, and entry into Madrid Central, among others.
Cost per Kilometer: Another Benefit of CNG Engines
In terms of performance, CNG-powered vehicles are considerably more efficient than those running on gasoline. This is due to their operation at a higher compression ratio similar to that of diesel engines. Furthermore, they are quieter and generate less vibration, as their combustion is very smooth.
This smooth operation is attributed to CNG’s much higher octane rating compared to gasoline, which ranges from 115 to 120. Regarding fuel consumption, CNG engines use 4.37 kg of fuel per 100 km, compared to 6.25 liters of gasoline, 4.9 liters of diesel, 5.2 liters of diesel, and 8.61 liters of LPG.
In conclusion, as can be inferred from the above, Japan has correctly identified the CNG engine as a future technology that could replace hydrogen and ammonia engines. In Spain, CNG remains relatively unknown, but it is time to consider its use due to the numerous benefits it offers, including sustainability.
Exploring the Future of Mobility: The Rise of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Engines
In the mobility sector, new innovations are constantly being presented in the creation of machines that use sustainable energy sources. Such is the case of this engine that uses a combustible very little known in Spain but considered futuristic in Japan. Let’s see what it is about.
The Fuel of the Future: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
This fuel is known as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Vehicular Natural Gas (VNG), which is sustainable, ecological, and cheaper than other fossil fuels. It is stored in cylinders in the trunks of vehicles at a pressure of 250 bars and is mainly composed of methane.
CNG has a very high ratio of hydrogen per carbon molecule, resulting in much lower gas emissions compared to other fuels. Currently, in Japan, many cars equipped with CNG engines offer an economical alternative to traditional gasoline engines.
Features of CNG Engines
The first thing to clarify is that CNG engines operate on a internal combustion principle and can utilize both CNG and gasoline as fuel. These vehicles are categorized as bifuel, distinguishing them from hybrid vehicles, which use two separate engines (one for gasoline and one electric).
CNG engines provide complete combustion of fuel, leading to a natural cleanliness that reduces issues caused by dirty injectors. This efficiency results in significantly lower pollution levels:
- 10% lower CO2 emissions compared to Euro 6 vehicles
- 33% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx)
- 95% decrease in particulate matter (PM)
Environmental Recognition
CNG vehicles are eligible for the DGT ECO label, identified by green and blue colors, which mirrors the recognition system in Japan. In Spain, such vehicles are entitled to several incentives, including:
- 75% reduction in municipal road tax for six years
- 50% discounts on parking meters
- Exemptions from driving restrictions in high-pollution zones
- Access to HOV/BUS lanes
- Entry into Madrid Central without restrictions
Cost Efficiency of CNG Vehicles
CNG-powered vehicles are significantly more efficient than their gasoline counterparts. With a higher compression ratio akin to diesel engines, CNG engines generate lower noise levels and vibrations due to smoother self-detonation. Notably, CNG offers a higher octane rating, typically between 115 and 120.
Cost Comparison per Kilometer
When evaluating the cost-effectiveness, CNG engines exhibit notable efficiencies:
| Fuel Type | Consumption per 100 km |
|---|---|
| CNG | 4.37 kg |
| Gasoline | 6.25 liters |
| Diesel | 4.9 liters |
| LPG | 8.61 liters |
Global Recognition and Future Prospects
As Japan aptly recognizes, CNG technology may emerge as a significant contender in the realm of sustainable mobility, potentially superseding hydrogen and ammonia engines. While its presence in Spain is limited, the time is ripe to consider its use, given the multiple benefits, including sustainability and reduced operational costs.
Case Studies: Success in Japan
In Japan, the adoption of CNG vehicles has increased significantly. Fleet operators have reported:
- Reduced fueling costs by up to 30%
- Minimal maintenance issues due to cleaner combustion
- Positive public perception regarding environmental efforts
Practical Tips for CNG Adoption
For those considering the transition to CNG, here are some practical tips:
- Research local fueling stations to ensure availability of CNG.
- Consider possible infrastructure upgrades if converting existing vehicles.
- Stay informed on government incentives for CNG vehicles.
- Evaluate your driving habits; CNG is particularly beneficial for fleet operations with consistent usage.
Real-life Experiences with CNG Vehicles
Many drivers who have transitioned to CNG praise the quieter engine, the cost savings on fuel, and the environmental benefits. A fleet operator in Tokyo noted:
“Switching to CNG has not only reduced my fuel costs but has also made a significant positive impact on our city’s air quality.”
Conclusion
Overall, with the pressing need for environmentally friendly solutions in transportation, compressed natural gas engines represent a viable and forward-thinking alternative. As more stakeholders become aware of its advantages, CNG may soon take center stage in the European mobility landscape.
