Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive disease of the nervous system that affects cells in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for sending signals to muscles. Over time, these cells die, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and paralysis.
ALS does not affect cognitive abilities, meaning that patients remain aware of their functional losses. Early symptoms of ALS can be subtle and vary from person to person, but generally include: muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the hands, arms, legs, and speech muscles; fasciculations (muscle spasms) in the arms, shoulders, and tongue; difficulty projecting the voice or swallowing; and loss of manual dexterity.
As the disease progresses, muscle weakness spreads to other parts of the body, eventually affecting the ability to breathe and communicate. Most patients die within 3 to 5 years after diagnosis, usually due to respiratory failure.
In Mexico, ALS is a rare disease, but one with a high impact. According to available data, the incidence of ALS in Mexico is approximately 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. It is estimated that there are between 5,000 and 6,000 people living with ALS in Mexico.
Most diagnoses are made in people between 40 and 70 years of age, although it can affect people of all ages.
Early detection and access to specialized care are essential to improve the quality of life of patients.
Diagnosing ALS can be complex and often requires a process of elimination to rule out other neurological diseases. Diagnostic methods include: Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
While there is no cure for ALS, certain treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Physical and occupational therapy help maintain strength and mobility for as long as possible.
Noninvasive ventilation devices may be necessary as the disease progresses. Intervention by a dietitian can be crucial to ensure that patients receive adequate nutrition, especially when swallowing becomes difficult.
The impact
Living with ALS has a profound impact not only on patients but also on their families and caregivers. The emotional and physical burden of the disease can be overwhelming. Psychological and social support is essential to help patients and their families cope with daily challenges.
Organizations and support groups can provide valuable resources, such as information about the disease, advice on symptom management, and emotional support. In Mexico, associations such as the Mexican Foundation for the Fight against Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Fundela) play a crucial role in supporting patients and their families.
June 21 marks World Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Day, an opportunity to raise public awareness of the disease, advocate for better treatments and support, and pay tribute to those who have been affected by the disease.
By joining together in the fight against ALS, we can make a significant difference in the lives of those affected by this disease and work toward a future where this disease is a treatable and, eventually, curable condition.
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2024-08-10 22:45:37
