2024-08-06 05:00:00
The athlete’s heart is a fascinating object of scientific and medical investigation. When a shocking cardiac arrest occurs on the sports field, especially football, it sometimes makes the news. This large, life-critical pump is an extremely sturdy and adaptable machine. This “large, tight muscle” is responsible for distributing blood through arteries and receiving blood through veins, all of which form a closed and pressurized arteriovenous circuit. The latter can be measured and is the famous blood pressure.
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normal heart
Like all tissues in the body, the heart adapts well to the constraints placed on it by physical activity. The heart of an elite athlete is not fundamentally different from that of a sedentary person, but rather has a heart adapted to the load of effort they generate. For the body, the challenge is ensuring it distributes the fuel it needs to perform its tasks. The more intense it is, the greater the need for fuel.
The heart is made up of four chambers: two ventricles and two atria. This pump is driven by muscle (heart muscle) and is neurologically controlled by the sinoatrial node, which acts as a natural pacemaker. At rest, a normal heart rate (the number of beats per minute) is between 50 and 80 beats.
During an effort, such as a simple stair climb, the heart rate increases to deliver oxygen and metabolites to the muscles being used. Therefore, if your resting cardiac output is between four and six liters per minute, you can multiply this by six during physical activity.
athlete’s heart
Regular exercise can produce necessary heart adaptations. The increase in heart rate during exercise responds to the need to distribute more oxygen and nutrients to working muscles. But this mechanism puts considerable stress on the heart, so the heart must adapt to eject more blood with each contraction. Athletes have increased ventricular volumes that limit the increase in heart rate during physical activity.
A corollary of increased cavity volume is a slowing of resting heart rate. The latter sometimes drops to 30 beats per minute, which is bradycardia. Finally, we can see thickening of the heart muscle in high-level athletes as a result of repeated and prolonged training.
Also read Paris Olympics: How athletes prepare to compete in the heat The hearts of athletes are closely monitored medically, first of all clinically, but also with imaging, resting electrocardiograms and exercise electrocardiograms to look for possible congenital anomalies that could lead to sudden death in athletes, a condition that mainly affects young male athletes.
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