Today, Quebec is one of the major apple producers in Canada. These fruits are deeply embedded in our culinary heritage. Just consider apple crumble and ice cider, for example.
Do you have any questions for the Lazy Gardener? Write to him at courrierjardinierparesseux@yahoo.com!
And what regarding the popular tradition of apple picking, the fall harvest festival that has become an annual family outing? This rich history explains why apple trees naturally find their place in today’s edible gardens, but also why we must protect them.
Legal obligations for your apple trees
You may be surprised—as I was—to learn that legal obligations are imposed on Quebec apple tree owners.
Indeed, fruit trees can be targeted by numerous pests—such as the apple maggot or the codling moth—and diseases such as apple scab and fire blight. If these infestations are not controlled, they can quickly spread to your neighbors’ apple trees as well as to commercial orchards. They can then cause significant economic losses, not to mention increased use of sometimes toxic pesticides.
If an inspector from the Quebec Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food finds the presence of harmful insects or diseases, he or she may require specific measures, including the felling of infected trees. Failure to comply with these measures may result in fines of $600 to $6,600, and up to $14,000 in the event of a repeat offence.
We don’t joke regarding apples in Quebec!
Prevention is better than cure
The disease-resistant apple tree varieties used in Quebec were primarily developed by genetic improvement researchers at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), located at the Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre.
Between 1978 and 1997, varieties such as Belmac, Primrose, Richelieu and Rouville were created to offer better resistance to common diseases. They are adapted to the climatic conditions of Quebec, which makes them popular with local apple growers.
In addition to AAFC’s efforts, the Quebec Apple Cultivar and Rootstock Testing Network (RECUPOM) played a crucial role in testing over 60 varieties to assess their performance and disease resistance. These varieties include: North, Rubinola, Topaz, Galarina, and Liberty. These tests ensure that the recommended varieties are also adapted to the realities of Quebec’s climate and soils.
Warning! Growing apple trees from purchased apple seeds is strongly discouraged.
Apples grown from seed do not produce trees identical to their parents, often resulting in inferior hybrids. Due to their uncertain genetics, these apple trees grown from seed may be less resistant to diseases and pests.
Insects to watch out for
The main predatory insect of the apple tree is the apple fly (Ragoletis pomonella). The female lays her eggs under the skin of the apples. Her larvae then dig galleries in them, making the fruit unfit for consumption.
To control this insect, use glue-coated traps in the shape of a red ball, which you hang in the tree in late June. The female flies, attracted by the red, will choose these false apples and remain stuck to them.
The apple fly (Ragoletis pomonella) (Joseph Berger)
For maximum effectiveness, combine these red traps with yellow sticky traps, both available at garden centers. These can also be effective once morest other insect pests.
To avoid repeated use of insecticides on apple trees, bagging apples is another effective method of protecting fruit from pests. Two to three weeks following blossom drop, place small apples in resealable sandwich bags or recycled plastic bags and seal tightly.
General tips for your apple trees
- Apple trees prefer well-drained, rich soil in full sun. Choose varieties that are suited to your hardiness zone. Healthy trees are more resistant to disease and insects.
- Use at least two different cultivars for good pollination, although neighboring ornamental crabapples may suffice in urban settings.
- To control insect pests and diseases, monitor trees regularly, thin out infested fruit and branches, and clean the orchard by collecting infected fruit, leaves, and branches.
- A garden that is home to diverse flora and fauna will encourage the presence of beneficial insects and predators of apple tree enemies.
- Prune trees in late winter to improve air and light circulation. Collect fallen fruit from June to October and destroy it.
- In the fall or as soon as the snow melts, shred or collect the leaves.
- If in doubt, consult a specialist, such as an agronomist, for advice on appropriate treatments.
Protecting the economy, environment and culture
Does this all seem like a lot of work? I agree with you!
Think carefully before you start growing apples. It is a long-term project that comes with its share of benefits, but also obligations.
Irresponsible apple tree management can have economic consequences for our farmers, as well as ecological repercussions, particularly through increased pesticide use. However, the goal in growing our own fruit is often to avoid these harmful products.
The community approach of food forests—true ecosystems integrating fruit trees and shrubs, edible perennials, herbs and vegetables, often supported by municipalities and local organizations—seems to me to be a good compromise. It allows us to share responsibilities and the fruits of the harvest, while continuing a Quebec tradition.
Long live apple pie!
INTERVIEW OF THE WEEK
- Sandy soils should be watered more often, but for less time so that the top 20 centimeters of soil remain moist.
- Plants in pots and window boxes need to be fertilized and watered more often than those planted in the ground.
- To prevent animals from eating your berries when they are ripe, protect them with netting.
- The taste of herbs is most intense when the flower buds appear: this is a good time to dry them.
- Water your tomatoes regularly. A lack of moisture can cause the fruit to crack.
YOUR HORTICULTURAL CALENDAR
To add to this publication calendar your horticultural activities offered in the greater Quebec region and surrounding areas, write to us at fhiggins@lesoleil.com.
Visit to a private garden in Beauceville
The Beauceville Horticultural and Ecology Society offers a tour of the private garden of Louise Boucher and Jean-François Delisle in Beauceville, on Tuesday July 16 2024, from 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Price: free. Info: by email to hortibeauceville141@gmail.com
Flower and bonsai journey in Lanaudière
The Quebec Horticultural Society is organizing a trip called “Flowers and Bonsai of Lanaudière” on Tuesday July 16 2024. On the program: visits to the church and store of the Abbaye Val Notre-Dame, the Jardins Arômes & Saveurs, Bonsaï Gros-Bec. Rates: $243 for members, $253 for non-members. Coach transportation, departing from Quebec City, includes dinner. Reservations required: Roch Poulin at 418 686-0135, societehorticulturequebec@hotmail.com. Info : shq-jardinage.com/voyages
Today, Quebec is one of the main producers of apples in Canada. These fruits are part of our gastronomic heritage. Just think of apple crumble and ice cider, for example.
Do you have any questions for the Lazy Gardener? Write to him at courrierjardinierparesseux@yahoo.com!
And what regarding the popular tradition of apple picking, the fall harvest festival that has become an annual family outing? This rich history explains why apple trees naturally find their place in today’s edible gardens, but also why we must protect them.
Legal obligations for your apple trees
You may be surprised—as I was—to learn that legal obligations are imposed on Quebec apple tree owners.
Indeed, fruit trees can be targeted by many pests—such as the apple maggot or the codling moth—and diseases such as apple scab and fire blight. If these infestations are not controlled, they can quickly spread to your neighbors’ apple trees as well as to commercial orchards. They can then cause significant economic losses, not to mention increased use of sometimes toxic pesticides.
If an inspector from the Quebec Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food finds the presence of harmful insects or diseases, he or she may require specific measures, including the felling of infected trees. Failure to comply with these measures may result in fines of $600 to $6,600, and up to $14,000 in the event of a repeat offence.
We don’t joke regarding apples in Quebec!
Prevention is better than cure
The disease-resistant apple tree varieties used in Quebec were primarily developed by genetic improvement researchers at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), located at the Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre.
Between 1978 and 1997, varieties such as Belmac, Primrose, Richelieuet Rouville were created to offer better resistance to common diseases. They are adapted to the climatic conditions of Quebec, which makes them popular with local apple growers.
In addition to AAC’s efforts, the Quebec Apple Cultivar and Rootstock Testing Network (RECUPOM) played a crucial role in testing over 60 varieties to assess their performance and disease resistance. These varieties include: North, Rubinola, Topaz, Galarinaet Liberty. These tests ensure that the recommended varieties are also adapted to the realities of Quebec’s climate and soils.
Warning! Growing apple trees from purchased apple seeds is strongly discouraged.
Apples grown from seed do not produce trees identical to their parents, often resulting in inferior hybrids. Because of their uncertain genetics, these apple trees grown from seed may be less resistant to diseases and pests.
Insects to watch out for
The main predatory insect of the apple tree is the apple fly (Ragoletis pomonella). The female lays her eggs under the skin of the apples. Her larvae then dig galleries in them, making the fruit unfit for consumption.
To control this insect, use glue-coated traps in the shape of a red ball, which you hang in the tree in late June. The female flies, attracted by the red, will choose these false apples and remain stuck to them.
The apple fly (Ragoletis pomonella) (Joseph Berger)
For maximum effectiveness, combine these red traps with yellow sticky traps, both available at garden centers. These can also be effective once morest other insect pests.
To avoid repeated use of insecticides on apple trees, bagging apples is another effective method of protecting fruit from pests. Two to three weeks following blossom drop, place small apples in resealable sandwich bags or recycled plastic bags and seal tightly.
General tips for your apple trees
- Apple trees prefer well-drained, rich soil in full sun. Choose varieties that are suited to your hardiness zone. Healthy trees are more resistant to disease and insects.
- Use at least two different cultivars for good pollination, although neighboring ornamental crabapples may suffice in urban settings.
- To control insect pests and diseases, monitor trees regularly, thin out infested fruit and branches, and clean the orchard by collecting infected fruit, leaves, and branches.
- A garden that is home to diverse flora and fauna will encourage the presence of beneficial insects and predators of apple tree enemies.
- Prune trees in late winter to improve air and light circulation. Collect fallen fruit from June to October and destroy it.
- In the fall or as soon as the snow melts, shred or collect the leaves.
- If in doubt, consult a specialist, such as an agronomist, for advice on appropriate treatments.
Protecting the economy, environment and culture
Does this all seem like a lot of work? I agree with you!
Think carefully before you start growing apples. It is a long-term project that comes with its share of benefits, but also obligations.
Irresponsible apple tree management can have economic consequences for our farmers, as well as ecological repercussions, particularly through increased pesticide use. However, the goal in growing our own fruit is often to avoid these harmful products.
The community approach of food forests—true ecosystems integrating fruit trees and shrubs, edible perennials, herbs and vegetables, often supported by municipalities and local organizations—seems to me to be a good compromise. It allows us to share responsibilities and the fruits of the harvest, while continuing a Quebec tradition.
Long live apple pie!
INTERVIEW OF THE WEEK
- Sandy soils should be watered more often, but for less time so that the top 20 centimeters of soil remain moist.
- Plants in pots and window boxes need to be fertilized and watered more often than those planted in the ground.
- To prevent animals from eating your berries when they are ripe, protect them with netting.
- The taste of herbs is most intense when the flower buds appear: this is a good time to dry them.
- Water your tomatoes regularly. A lack of moisture can cause the fruit to crack.
YOUR HORTICULTURAL CALENDAR
To add to this publication calendar your horticultural activities offered in the greater Quebec region and surrounding areas, write to us at fhiggins@lesoleil.com.
Visit to a private garden in Beauceville
The Beauceville Horticultural and Ecology Society offers a tour of the private garden of Louise Boucher and Jean-François Delisle in Beauceville, on Tuesday July 16 2024, from 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Price: free. Info: by email to hortibeauceville141@gmail.com
Flower and bonsai journey in Lanaudière
The Quebec Horticultural Society is organizing a trip called “Flowers and Bonsai of Lanaudière” on Tuesday July 16 2024. On the program: visits to the church and store of the Abbaye Val Notre-Dame, the Jardins Arômes & Saveurs, Bonsaï Gros-Bec. Rates: $243 for members, $253 for non-members. Coach transportation, departing from Quebec City, includes dinner. Reservations required: Roch Poulin at 418 686-0135, societehorticulturequebec@hotmail.com. Info : shq-jardinage.com/voyages
