2024-07-05 10:48:04
Respect for hygiene in a tattoo office does not guarantee the absence of bacterial contamination! A study published in the journal the American Society for Microbiology warns that the substance can be found directly in unopened tattoo and permanent makeup inks Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
These bacteria can be aerobic (grow in the presence of oxygen), anaerobic (grow in the absence of oxygen), and facultative anaerobic (can survive with and without oxygen). These three bacteria can multiply under the epidermis.
These bacteria multiply under the epidermis
To achieve this observation, the researchers promoted the growth of these three bacteria on nutrient media and then divided these media into three groups: under oxygen, under small amounts of oxygen, and under certain amounts of atmospheric oxygen.
Bacteria are identified by harvesting the bacterial DNA and then amplifying the DNA strands using PCR technology (this technique involves amplifying the strands of the DNA following extracting it using enzymes capable of copying the genetic material to obtain many copies of the DNA) Deoxygenation ribonucleic acid).
Once a sufficient amount of DNA sample was obtained, the researchers began sequencing the gene encoding RNA, the small ribosomal subunit. 16S, an RNA that is highly conserved over time, is present in all organisms that have ribosomes (read the box below). Computer software can then identify different taxonomic groups (genus, family, species, subspecies, etc.).
Ribosomes are particles that allow messenger RNA to form into proteins.
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Among the contaminated inks, 5 were French inks
Of 75 ink samples from 14 U.S. manufacturers, 26 were contaminated with 22 different bacterial species, eight of which were identified as potential pathogens. These infections range from a simple reaction requiring treatment to septic shock (widespread infection leading to organ failure and dangerously low blood pressure) due to bacteria in the blood vessels.
France is not immune: five of the contaminated inks tested and sold in the United States originated in France, and one of them was one of the most contaminated!
Also readTattoos: Unassessed Risks
“In Europe, 80% of ink is contaminated with bacteria”
Among all taxa, the most common are Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus.), leading to varying degrees of infection (such as abscesses or toxic shock). Followed by him Acne culture bacterium (It disrupts the skin’s microbiome and leads to infections like acne) Sphingomonas paucimobilis (The pathogen that causes peritonitis and many other infections).
This study raises questions regarding the effectiveness of sterilization in ink manufacturing plants. It is not uncommon for bacterial contamination to exist in ink: “80% of inks in Europe are contaminated with bacteria” and “Permanent makeup inks contain more bacterial contamination than tattoo inks”Still, they want to reassure people, the researchers wrote: “Only 0.5% to 6% of people with tattoos experience microbial infection”.
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