For a socio-systemic approach to the inclusion of “children of Daesh” in France

2024-01-17 11:23:23

According to psychiatrist Didier Bourgeois, the care of Minors Returning from the Operation Zone of Terrorist Groups (MRZOGT) must be built from a systemic perspective, to favorably evolve the entire family system of these children, included in a social system which borders it, shapes it and can also constitute a counter-model. Analysis and perspectives. Article to download for free.

Problematic

The destruction of the Islamic Caliphate in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), which was established over a vast territory straddling Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2019, marked a military defeat of armed Islamist fundamentalism. A victory without peace, since ideological antagonism continues and still sets the world ablaze. As a result of this defeat, many fighters and their families have found themselves locked up for several years in camps scattered across Kurdish territory, in Iraq and in Syria. These are prison camps and supervised accommodation camps, concentration camps in the literal sense of the term since these types of detainees are concentrated there, people considered civilians but dangerous, notably women and children. These camps are places of confinement described as terrible where particularly harmful living conditions reign: deprivation, violence, confinement.

International law (Committee on the Rights of the Child, European Court of Human Rights, UN Committee once morest Torture) has encouraged states to repatriate their nationals, and a certain number of them arrive in France slowly since 2017. They are discreetly welcomed in a context of public opinion unfavorable to these returns. They arrive in small groups, and are most often quickly dispersed across the territory upon their arrival, the aim being not to reproduce a “concentration camp” and to restart the care effort. The circular of March 24, 2017 (no. 5995/SG) made it possible to lay the foundations of the system for welcoming children from jihadist parents, commonly known as “minors returning from the area of ​​operations of terrorist groups”.

The women and mothers, considered to be active supporters and often claimed to have an extremist Islamist ideology, are immediately incarcerated while awaiting proceedings, and the children are then entrusted to Child Welfare. There is therefore a breakup of families and even siblings depending on the availability of accommodation. Fathers have sometimes disappeared, died in combat or are still incarcerated in Syria. This has affected around several hundred children since 2017. There are a total of around 500 people affected in France, 1,500 across Western Europe, but this tiny figure has become an emblematic core, a major societal issue. If Western society succeeds in (re)integrating them, without pretense, it will have demonstrated its capacity for resilience and this will guarantee future social peace. If it fails, each of the people not reintegrated will be a potential thorn in the side of the social body.

Our reflection is this: the problem of the socio-psychological reintegration of these subjects is complex, and multifactorial and if the care is fragmented, broken up piecemeal and without coordination, without a real and viable project of social rehabilitation at the In the long term, there is a risk of exhaustion and demotivation of the psycho-educational teams, and of the inclusion and rehabilitation process getting bogged down. Psychotherapeutic (psychiatric) care is provided by the UCSA (prison environment) for incarcerated mothers, child psychiatry for children, Medico-psychological Centers possibly for grandparents if they seek help and the system psycho-educational available. The coordination of these devices is structurally complicated to implement. Yet it is only one system, the family system, which finds itself in functional bankruptcy. This fragmentation bankruptcy may, in the long term, have significant human (wasted lives), social, political and societal costs, but it is not irreversible. All of these people were not psychiatric patients in the traditional sense; they are now potentially psychologically destabilized, even if they often deny it, if only because of the cumulative psychotrauma suffered. But the tools of psychiatry can usefully be brought to their bedside.

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