2023-10-17 17:15:57
Parental inheritance can be summarized in four key points. The best known is genetic inheritance, the relative share of which appears to be increasingly weak. We also inherit the epigenetic marks that our father left on his sperm and our mother on her eggs, more precisely, marks that are not erased at the time of fertilization; and there are a lot more than we thought. We also inherit epigenetic marks from our intrauterine life. Finally, we inherit parental education and the environment of our childhood which also leave their multiple marks on our genes and modulate their expression.
Long before these discoveries, it had been noted that the behavior of children is very dependent on their education. It is already written in the Bible that God punishes the iniquity of the fathers on the children until the third and fourth generation.
Epigenetics has done much more than support this evidence. It revealed that the stresses experienced by parents, such as the holocaust, wars or attacks, have repercussions on their offspring, even if these events took place before conception.
The childhood abuse experienced by the mother has an impact on the volume of cerebral gray matter of her children and on the structure of neurons. Mothers’ anxiety during pregnancy doubles the risk of psychological disorders in the child. A 35-year-old study already revealed that the children of monkeys abused during childhood were more often abusers in their turn. This fact has been widely confirmed in humans, both by observation and by epigenetics.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy leaves epigenetic marks that persist at least until adolescence and increase the risk of smoking therefollowing.
The epigenetic inheritance of obesity and famine is widely demonstrated. The best known are the ravages of fetal alcoholism and the dramatic withdrawal syndromes of newborns of drugged mothers. Antidepressants, benzodiazepines and other psychotropic drugs prescribed during pregnancy also cause these syndromes in newborns.
All this allows us to affirm that a child adopted at birth is certainly more yours than a child of your genes born through surrogacy.
Finally, on the social side, we discover the links between economic status and mental disorders such as hyperactivity or schizophrenia. The social democracies of the 1970s had succeeded in limiting these birth inequalities. Unfortunately, right-wing, financialization and globalization tend to dramatically re-aggravate them.
Thus, modern biology provides us with even more tangible evidence of the self-perpetuating infernal cycle of psycho-social inequalities.
Faced with this cohesion of biology, the market and politics, bordering on a criminal association, it is more important than ever to be born rich and in good health.
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