2023-10-09 13:58:30
The study, very detailed and including numerous statistics, firstly notes, using figures from INSEE, that around 37% of natives of the Antilles live outside their territory of origin, compared to 18% in Reunion. . Furthermore, ” among young adults aged 25-34, more than 40% in the Antilles and nearly 25% in Reunion have left their region, most often heading to France, to continue their studies or take up a first job. job. Young men (47%) a little more than young women (42%) in the Antilles; in Reunion, these proportions are respectively 26% and 22%.”
Other characteristic: schooling rates are higher for natives of overseas departments and regions (Drom) residing in France, compared to those remaining in their region of birth. As a result of this schooling (school and/or student) in mainland France, “the overseas natives with higher education degrees find themselves in a significantly higher proportion than in their territory of origin: the gap is 12 points in the Antilles and it reaches almost 20 points in Reunion”, according to INED. The share of higher education graduates (Bac +2 and above Bac +2, natives of the Drom aged 25 to 34 residing in France) was however slightly lower on average (46% compared to 48%) for the whole of young people of the same age from mainland France in 2019.
The continuation of studies being one of the first reasons for leaving, in the Antilles as in Reunionthe natives who return are more often higher education graduates than those who stayed there: “ this is the case for 46% of young returning West Indians and 51% of young returning Reunionese, compared to respectively 5% and 9% of ‘sedentary people’,” specifies INED. “In terms of employment, the situation of “returning natives” is also much more favorable. More than one in two is employed, compared to less than one “sedentary native” in three,” adds this institution. As a result, the unemployment rate is significantly higher among natives who remained in their territory than among returning natives; it represents respectively 66% and 45% of young sedentary people in the Antilles and Reunion Island, compared to 38% and 29% of returning West Indians and Reunion Islanders.
“This is also demonstrated by the median monthly standard of living per unit of household consumption which is significantly higher among “returned natives”: more than 1,250 euros, compared to 680 euros for “sedentary” people in the Antilles,” continues INED. This income inequality also stems from social origin. Natives who return home are more frequently from the middle and upper classes, with a significantly higher share of “Dominant Executive/Intermediate” than “sedentary”. The figures are respectively 39% (in the case of the Antilles) for the former, once morest 9% for the latter.
Regarding the measurement of the effect of territory on social mobility, the report notes a valorization of the diploma more difficult for young people living in the Antilles and Reunion Island, and a stronger reproduction of inequalities in the latter territory. “We observe, however, that the proportion of young people, who have left studies for 5 to 10 years, become managers or in intermediate professions is a little higher in the Antilles than in Reunion, in 2010 as in 2020. This result seems to demonstrate of greater potential for social advancement in the Antilles for natives from predominantly “employee/worker” categories: 26% are managers or intermediate professions compared to 19% in Reunion,” underlines INED.
In terms of measuring the effect of the migratory path, the organization also indicates that migration promotes access to diplomas for young people from disadvantaged classes. In 2020, for children of parents with low qualifications, the share of higher and intermediate graduates (CAP, Baccalaureate) is 61% for those living in the Drom of their parents’ birth and 82% for those living outside the territory (mainly in France), details the study.
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