2023-09-21 22:00:00
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A study showed that the prevalence of ‘metabolic syndrome’ increased as physical activity decreased due to social distancing following COVID-19. For men, a waist circumference of 90 cm or more and for women, a waist circumference of 85 cm or more can be diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. Reducing abdominal obesity is one of the important treatments, so let’s find out more regarding this with Professor Cho Eun-byeol of the Department of Family Medicine at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.
◇ Is visceral obesity called ‘metabolic syndrome’?… Asymptomatic metabolic syndrome before complications, the cause is
Metabolic syndrome refers to a disease in which three or more of the five conditions, including abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol, occur simultaneously. In most cases, there are no symptoms until complications arise. However, if left untreated, it is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke, as well as high blood pressure, diabetes, and chronic renal failure, and to increase the overall mortality rate. It is also known to be related to sleep apnea, fatty liver, gout, polycystic ovary syndrome, and erectile dysfunction.
The cause of metabolic syndrome is not yet fully known, but it is generally known to be highly related to insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance refers to a decrease in the body’s response to insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels, making it difficult for muscle or fat cells to utilize glucose, and more insulin is secreted to overcome this.
The most common cause of insulin resistance is obesity. In particular, if you have visceral obesity, the risk of metabolic syndrome increases. In addition, many other factors, such as genetic factors, stress, and lack of exercise, are related to insulin resistance.
◇ Patients suspected of having high blood pressure or diabetes should be tested… 5 ways to diagnose ‘metabolic syndrome’
All adults in their 40s or older, middle-aged or older, are eligible for screening, and even if they are in their 20s or 30s, they are obese, have a family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, angina, or stroke, have poor lifestyle habits such as smoking or drinking, or have high blood pressure or diabetes. If you have been diagnosed with suspected metabolic syndrome, it is recommended that you get tested for metabolic syndrome.
If three or more of the five factors below apply, you are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
1) Waist circumference: 90cm or more for men, 85cm or more for women
2) Fasting blood sugar: 100 mg/dL or higher or under diabetes medication
3) High blood pressure: systolic blood pressure≥130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure≥85mmHg or if you are receiving medication for high blood pressure
4) Neutral fat: 150 mg/dL or higher or under medication
5) HDL-cholesterol: less than 40 mg/dL for men, less than 50 mg/dL for women
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◇ The most important thing is to ‘reduce abdominal obesity’… Both diet and exercise must be practiced
If you have metabolic syndrome, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is three times higher and the risk of diabetes is up to five times higher. The ultimate treatment goal is to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease and reduce deaths from these diseases.
Basically, lifestyle improvement, including diet and exercise therapy, is necessary. When an obese person loses weight, insulin resistance improves, improving the risk of hyperglycemia and blood lipid status, and improving the function of vascular endothelial cells, thereby preventing metabolic syndrome.
In particular, reducing abdominal obesity is most important. Abdominal obesity refers to a condition in which there is excessive visceral fat. This is because visceral fat secretes various substances that have a negative effect on the human body, creating ‘insulin resistance’.
1) Diet
If you consume regarding 500 kcal less per day than usual, you can expect to lose regarding 0.5 to 1.0 kg of weight per week. Additionally, if you consume excessive carbohydrates, neutral fat increases and high-density cholesterol decreases, so it is recommended to reduce carbohydrate intake. To this end, it is recommended to reduce the intake of simple sugars such as white rice, white flour, and sugar and to consume unrefined whole grains. To increase satiety, it is recommended to increase dietary fiber and protein intake, reduce the intake of trans fat and saturated fat contained in meat, snacks, and fried foods, and consume unsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3.
2) Exercise therapy
For weight loss, it is helpful to perform at least 60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise every day and consume an additional 1,000 kcal or more per week or 1,500 kcal or more per day. To prevent cardiovascular disease, it is recommended to do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (brisk walking, cycling at a speed of more than 8 km per hour, light swimming) or at least 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise (jogging, running, tennis, intense swimming).
3) Quit smoking and drinking alcohol
Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by promoting arteriosclerosis and the formation of blood clots, and is also related to insulin resistance, so patients with metabolic syndrome must always quit smoking and should also avoid second-hand smoke or electronic cigarettes. Excessive alcohol also increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, so it is recommended that men limit their intake to no more than four glasses of soju a day and women to no more than two glasses of soju a day. However, for cancer patients, it is best to completely abstain from alcohol.
However, if treatment is needed for individual diseases such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, or elevated blood sugar, which are components of metabolic syndrome, drug treatment must also be administered. Therefore, treatment according to the treatment guidelines for each disease is recommended and medication should be considered in consultation with the attending physician. .
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