2023-09-19 20:40:55
Introduction
Diazepam General CAS No. 439-14-5 EINECS No. 207-122-5 ATC Code N05BA01 Chemical properties Crude formula C16H13ClN2O
Mass (The term mass is used to designate two quantities attached to a…) molar 284.74 ± 0.016 g·mol-1 Physical properties Melting temperature (In physics and metallurgy, fusion is the passage of a body from the solid state to the state…) 125.5 °C Precautions IARC Classification Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity for humans (A man is an adult male individual of the species called Man modern (Homo…) Psychotropic character (A psychotropic is a substance which mainly acts on the state of the nervous system…) Method of consumption Oral, intravenous Other names Valium Risk of dependence High Units of the SI & CNTP, unless otherwise indicated.
Diazepam is a drug from the benzodiazepine family. It is used for its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties.
generic name Trade names:
Valium
Apo-Diazepam, E-Pam, Meval,
Neo-Calm, Novodipam, Rival, Vivol,
Class:
Benzodiazepine
Diazepam was marketed in 1963, under the brand Valium® by the Hoffmann-La Roche laboratories. It is the second benzodiazepine which appeared on the pharmaceutical market, following chlordiazepoxide (Librium®) in 1960.
Diazepam was very successful and is still today one of the most used tranquilizers in the world (The word world can refer to:).
Pharmacology
Diazepam is an allosteric activator of benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors, which are formed in part by GABA receptors. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, it reduces the excitability of the neuron. functional unit…) postsynaptic.
By binding to BZD receptors, diazepam increases the affinity of GABA for its own receptors. Thus, for the same non-saturating concentration of GABA, we will observe a greater response.
Misused use
The misuse of benzodiazepines in general is a very common phenomenon, particularly among polydrug users (often consumers of products intravenously)
Among heroin addicts (or ex-heroin addicts) it is used as a substitute for opiates. In this context (The context of an event includes the circumstances and conditions surrounding it; the…), it is also referred to as D10.
In alcoholic patients it is used as a substitute for alcohol.
(reference = criteria for dependence on a psychotropic product according to the DSM IV (American Psychiatric Association).
Citation :
criterion 2.b: the same substance (or a very similar substance) is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
(The consumption of medications, even psychotropic drugs, being better socially accepted than excessive alcohol intake)
In combination with alcohol, benzodiazepines (and in particular Valium) can be used with the aim of committing criminal acts. The mixture (A mixture is a combination of two or more solid, liquid or gaseous substances…) alcohol plus benzodiazepine(s) indeed leads to a severe modification of behavior
Clinical picture: loss of inhibition with possible acting out and aggression followed by falling asleep and amnesia (Amnesia is the partial or total loss of memory.) total anterograde.
Contraindications
In the case of a person suffering from severe myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness) or angled glaucoma (in geometry, the general notion of angle is broken down into several concepts…) closed, the use of Diazepam and all other benzodiazepines is completely (Complete or completely automatic, or even by anglicism completion or…) not recommended. Pregnant women, especially during the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as breastfeeding women should refrain from using Diazepam. . In addition, doctors are strongly advised not to prescribe benzodiazepines to children under 6 years old. The use of Diazepam is prohibited in the case of people suffering from a pulmonary disease (The disease is an alteration of the functions or health of a living organism, animal, etc.) pulmonary (Lungworts are plants of the family of Boraginaceae belonging to the genus…) serious obstructive. Although benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed to people suffering from depression (always in combination with an anti-depressant or even a neuroleptic), they should not be prescribed alone because they do not have anti-depressant properties.
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