2023-09-16 09:32:00
On September 2, 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a confirmed human infection with swine influenza A(H1N1)v virus, in The Netherlands. This case was detected as part of routine respiratory disease surveillance.
This is an adult from the province of North Brabant who presents no underlying pathology and has no history of occupational exposure to animals. On August 20, 2023, the patient presented with fatigue and general malaise and, the next day, an acute respiratory infection with the onset of chills, sneezing, coughing, headache and generalized weakness, followed by a fever on August 22. A swab (nose and throat) was taken on August 21. He tested positive for influenza A virus and negative for A(H1N1)pdm09 and H5 viruses. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the causative virus was a Eurasian avian-type swine influenza A(H1N1)v virus from clade 1C.2.2. Phenotypically, the virus is sensitive to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir.
On September 13, the patient was found. Investigations revealed he did not work on a hog farm or other business involving pigs and did not work in the health care industry. Therefore, there is no clear indication of the source of infection.
National authorities monitored the case and the five close contacts. As of September 7, none had reported symptoms.
Comments
Influenza A(H1) viruses are enzootic in swine populations in most regions of the world. When an influenza virus that normally circulates in pigs is detected in a person, it is called a “variant influenza virus.” H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses are the major subtypes of swine influenza A viruses in pigs and occasionally infect humans, usually following direct or indirect exposure to pigs or contaminated environments.
Human infections with virus variants generally result in mild clinical illness, although some cases have been hospitalized for more severe illness and others have been fatal.
Sporadic human infections caused by influenza viruses A(H1N1)v and A(H1N2)v have been reported previously in the Netherlands, and there has been no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission.
This is the first human infection caused by the swine influenza A(H1N1)v virus reported in 2023 in the Netherlands, and the third human infection in the last five years. Since 1986, nine cases of variants have been documented in humans in the Netherlands.
Source: World Health Organization
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