2023-09-11 22:59:34
On Tuesday, September 12th, the book of history records, among other things:
1683: In the Battle of the Kahlenberg, the Polish King John III liberated. Sobieski and Duke Charles V of Lorraine Vienna from the Turkish besiegers, who were three times superior in numbers. This defeat ends the Ottoman expansion policy in Europe.
1723: In the Peace of Petersburg, Persia had to cede the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea to Russia.
1848: After the Sonderbund War, Switzerland receives a new federal constitution.
1883: The Vienna City Hall, built by the architect Friedrich Schmidt, is inaugurated by Mayor Eduard Uhl.
1918: In a serious railway accident between Bromberg (Bydgoszcz) and Scheibemühl (Piła), 40 children returning from a stay in the Rhineland died and hundreds were injured.
1943: In a cloak-and-dagger operation, a German SS parachutist commando under the command of Otto Skorzeny freed the Italian ex-dictator Benito Mussolini, who was being held captive on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzo, and brought him to a meeting with Hitler in Vienna. Six days later, the “Duce” proclaims the fascist “Social Republic of Italy” with the government headquarters in Salo on Lake Garda, under German protection.
1948: Foreign Minister Karl Gruber sharply criticized the occupying powers in a speech in Lienz: “The cheap excuses for continuing to keep Austria under military occupation are becoming more and more flimsy every month – in a country that has long since put its house in order on its own.” .
1948: In France, the radical socialist Henri Queuille forms a coalition government with the Christian Democrat former prime minister Robert Schuman as foreign minister.
1958: The US Supreme Court orders the immediate school integration of black students in Little Rock, Arkansas. Previously, 8,900 reservists had been deployed on the orders of US President Eisenhower to end the unrest that had been sparked by the admission of black students to a “white” school.
1963: Turkey’s Association Agreement with the European Economic Community is signed in Ankara.
1968: The Soviet invasion troops withdraw from Prague, Brno and Pressburg.
1968: The Chinese authorities refuse permission to fly over a GDR plane carrying blood supplies and supplies for North Vietnam.
1988: In the Lebanese capital Beirut, the German Hoechst manager Rudolf Cordes is released following twenty months of being held hostage by Shiite Hezbollah militiamen.
2003: The Supreme Court overturns an Interior Ministry directive that excludes asylum seekers from certain countries from federal care.
2008: Beginning of the milk powder scandal in China. The manufacturer Sanlu is recalling milk powder that contains melamine. Six newborns die as a result of contaminated milk powder and around 300,000 children become ill, some seriously. In 2009, three men were sentenced to death for endangering public safety.
2013: The short message service Twitter announces its IPO in a tweet. The prospectus reveals previously unknown business details, such as the fact that Twitter has never made a profit. On November 7th, Twitter sets the issue price for the shares at $26. Trading on the traditional New York Stock Exchange starts at $45.10, 73 percent above the issue price. The total valuation of Twitter is therefore approximately 25 billion dollars or around 18.5 billion euros at the start. Twitter will raise up to 2.1 billion from the IPO, minus fees for the banks involved.
Birthdays: Gertrud Bäumer, German politician and women’s rights activist (1873-1954); Maurice Chevalier, French chansonnier and actor (1888-1972); Hans Fronius, Eastern painter (1903-1988); Jesse (also known as James Cleveland) Owens, American track and field athlete (1913-1980); Ettore Cella, black actor (1913-2004); Michael Ondaatje, Canadian. Sri Lankan writer. Origin (1943); Jean-Louis Schlesser, French racing driver (1948); Martina Ertl, former German ski racer; Olympic champion 1998 (1973); Benjamin McKenzie, US actor (1978); Elisabetta Canalis, Italian actress and model (1978).
Days of death: Guido Mazzoni, Italian sculptor (1450-1518); François Couperin, French composer (1668-1733); OE (Otto Eduard) Hasse, German actor (1903-1978); Raymond Burr, Canadian. actor (1917-1993); Willy Fleckhaus, German graphic artist (1925-1983); Erich Loest, German writer (1926-2013); Erich Kleinschuster, Eastern. jazz musician (1930-2018); Johnny Cash, US country singer, guitarist and film actor (1932-2003).
Name days: Guido, Eberhard, Syrus, Witold, Gerfrid, Degenhard, Marika, Marion, Mascha, Maria.
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