2023-09-02 00:38:00
[이데일리 이순용 기자] The symptom of constantly forgetting something can be seen as simple forgetfulness, but it can also be mild cognitive impairment, which is between dementia and normal aging. Mild cognitive impairment is a disease in which the probability of progressing to dementia is higher than that of the general population, and the course varies depending on whether memory decline occurs, such as Alzheimer’s dementia or frontotemporal dementia.
It is a natural change that memory declines due to aging. Memories memorized through the body, such as riding a bicycle or driving, are well maintained, but the ability to remember events tends to be greatly affected by aging. The ability to cope with changing situations is one of the abilities that declines with age. However, the decline in cognitive function that occurs during the normal aging process does not have a significant impact on daily life.
Mild cognitive impairment is not sufficient to diagnose general dementia, but it is a condition that clearly shows objective cognitive decline. In other words, it is a state in which the decline in memory or cognitive function is clearly reduced to the extent that it can be confirmed in an objective test, but the ability to perform daily life is preserved, which means that it is not yet dementia.
Mild cognitive impairment can also be seen as a high-risk group for dementia. Only 1-2% of normal elderly people progress to dementia each year, but regarding 10-15% of people with mild cognitive impairment progress to dementia every year. Mild cognitive impairment is a stage in which dementia can be detected at its earliest stage and is clinically important in that it can maximize the therapeutic effect.
Mild cognitive impairment can be divided into memory-type mild cognitive impairment and non-memory-type mild cognitive impairment. In the case of memory-type mild cognitive impairment, the main symptom is a decrease in memory but the ability to maintain daily life is normal. It is a symptom. Both of these two subtypes of mild cognitive impairment are accompanied by various psycho-behavioral symptoms, such as feeling in a bad mood, anxiety, or irritability, and in some cases, experiencing delusions or hallucinations.
To diagnose Mild Cognitive Impairment, the patient or family member must complain of cognitive dysfunction, have no clear impairment in the overall ability to perform daily activities, and must not meet the diagnostic criteria for dementia. Recently, imaging tests using brain magnetic resonance imaging (brain MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been utilized. However, because it is not easy to distinguish between mild cognitive impairment and dementia with just one imaging test, follow-up tests are often performed over 1 to 2 years.
In some cases, the risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia is higher. When you are elderly or when memory impairment is prominent on neuropsychological tests, when brain atrophy can be seen on brain imaging tests such as MRI, apolipoprotein E4, the genotype of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer’s disease onset in people over 65 years of age), It is known that the probability of converting to dementia is high when you have it.
Patients with mild cognitive impairment need proper management of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, and must maintain their health with regular exercise such as walking three or more times a week. You must stop smoking and be careful not to injure your head to prevent brain damage.
Seran Hospital Neurology Director Yoon Seung-jae said, “Though people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment are more likely to progress to dementia than those without mild cognitive impairment, not all patients with mild cognitive impairment progress to dementia.” “Sometimes it returns to the aging state, and sometimes it maintains the level of mild cognitive impairment.” “The purpose of treatment for mild cognitive impairment is to prevent progression to dementia rather than to improve symptoms,” he said.
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