2023-07-21 23:00:00
Experts “The effect of improving health is obvious”
Whether or not exercise is helpful for weight loss is a matter of opinion among scholars. Hanna Siamashka/Getty Images Bank.
The reason why we do physical activities such as walking and running and building strength is because exercise helps improve health. What is the effect of exercise on diet? It has emerged as the ‘hot potato’ of diets, with differing opinions among experts in recent years.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines physical activity as ‘any movement of the body caused by muscle contraction’. This includes housework, commuting, and leisure activities. Among physical activities, ‘planned, structured and repetitive movements’ are called exercise. It is a physical activity that repeats specific structural movements with a plan, such as 3 sets of 15 dumbbells or running for 30 minutes.
This is different from leisurely physical activities like going for a walk. Exercise has various intensities from low intensity to high intensity, but it requires conscious effort rather than light physical activity. The reason why we exercise even when we are tired is because it strengthens cardiorespiratory function, strengthens bones and muscles, and lowers the risk of various diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
● The weight loss effect of exercise, experts have mixed opinions
Regarding the weight loss effect of exercise, experts’ opinions are sharply divided. Donald M. Lamkin, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), said on the 19th through news and research report analysis media ‘The Conversation’, “The diet effect of exercise is a controversial topic in the medical science world. It may be a wrong idea to ‘exercise more’ to lose weight.”
This debate started in earnest because of a paper published by Eric Robinson, a professor of population health at the University of Liverpool, in the International Journal of Obesity on December 15 last year. This paper meta-analyzed papers that looked at the effect of energy expenditure generated by exercise on weight loss.
In a paper published in the International Journal of Obesity on November 28, 2022 by a research team at the Indiana University School of Public Health, one of the subjects of the meta-analysis, exercise appeared to help weight loss. However, in the same year on December 16 in the same journal, Duke University’s research team in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, the United States, found that exercise does not affect weight loss and is not appropriate as a diet tool.
Earlier, on May 1, 2018, a study from the University of Colorado College of Medicine published in the international journal ‘Physiology and Behavior’ found that the weight loss effect of exercise is highly uncertain. Exercise may have the effect of suppressing excessive weight gain, but it is difficult to know whether it will induce weight loss. Physical activity is difficult to accurately quantify, so there is a lack of consensus among scholars.
According to James A. Levin, professor of endocrinology at the Mayo Clinic, thin people consume an average of 350 more calories at rest than obese people. The fact that weight control is affected by various factors other than exercise is also the reason why it is difficult to determine the effect of exercise.
● At the center of the debate is the ‘total energy consumption hypothesis’.
Professor Lamkin explained that there is a ‘total energy consumption hypothesis’ at the center of the exercise effect debate. It is hypothesized that following exercising, our body triggers a reward system to burn fewer calories followingwards. During exercise, we consume a lot of calories, but following resting, our body tries to consume fewer calories than usual, so total calorie consumption does not make a big difference whether we exercise or not. A research team at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in the United States, published in the 2021 Journal of Sports and Exercise Medical Science, confirmed this. They found that over several months of regular exercise, people burned fewer calories at rest.
Professor Lamkin viewed the diet effect of exercise as an ongoing issue that is still difficult to conclude. He believes that the idea of eating enough and making up for it with exercise is likely to be undesirable when you’re on a sweet diet. Although there are conflicting opinions regarding the total energy consumption hypothesis, it is true that it is not easy to burn calories through exercise.
To burn a bowl of rice (300 calories), you need to run for an hour. If you exercise walking, it is the amount you need to do for two and a half hours. Since exercise is not a magical tool to lose weight, it is recommended to use it as a diet aid and health promotion method.
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