2023-06-16 10:58:25
Winter cereals, food legumes, annual oilseeds
Research
Common wheat, barley, lentils, beans, rapeseed…several varieties are developed in each type of plant species. In this sense, INRA has made the genetic improvement of these species a strategic focus of its research policy. It has included in its varietal creation agenda the development of new productive varieties, resistant and adapted to the different agro-climatic zones of the country as a prerequisite for any research success.
INRA has just unveiled in a new document the new varietal orientations concerning autumn cereals, food legumes and annual oilseeds. “In its drive to support the Generation Green 2020-2030 agricultural strategy and contribute to the achievement of all its objectives, the National Institute for Agricultural Research considers the genetic improvement of plant species as a strategic axis of its research policy. . It is in this perspective that INRA has included in its varietal creation agenda the development of new productive varieties, resistant and adapted to the different agro-climatic zones of the country as a prerequisite for any research success”, explains Faouzi Bekkaoui, Director of the National Institute of Agronomic Research.
And to argue: “To meet the multiple expectations of users and to offer new varieties with the required standards and the expected potential, INRA researchers have mobilized with their counterparts from partner research institutions, in particular ICARDA and the CYMMIT, for the choice of varieties with high yield and very good quality (% in protein, color of the grain, etc.). It must be said that the varietal portfolio at INRA continues to grow with new varieties of cereals, food legumes and oilseeds.
Intended for farmers, seed producers and industrialists, this document gives an overview of the main varietal characteristics linked, for example, to agronomic, qualitative aspects and reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as the main suitable agro-ecological zones. to their culture, as Faouzi Bekkaoui points out. This initiative is in line with the “Al Jayl Al Akhdar” agricultural strategy launched by the Ministry of Agriculture, Maritime Fisheries, Rural Development and Waters and Forests. Thus, INRA has undertaken to present 30 to 50 new varieties.
These are created to better meet the needs of the profession, farmers and the end consumer. According to the Institute, the “variety” genetic component contributes by 50% in improving yields. “INRA’s genetic improvement programs for cereals, food legumes and oilseeds have produced varieties adapted to different agro-climatic zones (characterized by different biotic and abiotic stresses), with high yield potential and good technological quality. In addition to productivity and quality, the new varieties are resistant to major diseases and pests.
Hence the need to continue to exploit progress and genetic variability to find new sources of resistance to diseases and pests, given the possibility of the appearance of new pathotypes of fungi and biotypes of more virulent and resistance-breaking pests. existing in the plant”, indicates the INRA. This document presents the new varieties created by INRA. These are 6 varieties of durum wheat (Faraj, Louiza, Itri, Hammadi, Nachit, Jawahir), 6 soft wheat (Kharouba, Khadija, Malika, Snina, Lina, Ibtissam), 4 barley (Assiya, Chifaa, Khnata, Ksaiba), 5 oats (Seddik, Al Fawze, Hamdali, Niema, Nezha), 2 triticale (Ain Nzagh, Marwa), 2 lentils (Extra, Jemaat Shaim), 3 chickpeas (Taounate, Arifi, Bochra), 1 broad bean ( Hiba, Yasmine), 1 broad bean (Zina) and 3 rapeseed (Moufida, Alia, Lila). Among these 34 varieties, 13 have already been transferred to seed companies for their multiplication, while 21 remain to be granted.
If we take the case of durum wheat, the Faraj variety, for example, reveals an average resistance to drought. In the favorable bour zones, it reaches a yield level of 59 Qx/ha while in the arid zones it has a yield level of 38 Qx/ha. Its yield potential amounts globally to 68 Qx/ha. In this sense, the production areas recommended for this variety are all areas of Morocco including dry areas. Concerning common wheat, the kharouba variety shows drought tolerance and a yield potential of 65 Qx/ha. In the favorable bour zones, the yield level reaches 65 Qx/ha while in the semi-arid zones it is 45 Qx/ha.
This variety has a wide adaptation perimeter (irrigated, favorable bour and semi-arid zones). As for barley, the Assiya variety is moderately drought tolerant. It has a yield potential that reaches 65 Qx/ha. Its development is recommended in favorable areas. With regard to oats, the niema variety registered in 2021 has a yield potential of 42 Qx/ha and can be adapted to a wide production area. As for food legumes, if we take lentils, the extra variety which was registered in 2019 adapts to semi-arid areas and has good tolerance to water deficit.
It can escape the high temperatures at the end of the cycle. In terms of yield, it has a potential of 30 Qx/ha. The area recommended for its development is wide (Chaouia, Abda, Benslimane, El Gara, Zaer and Sais). For its part, the Taounate variety (chickpea) is drought tolerant. It has a yield potential of 37 Qx/ha and thrives in arid and semi-arid areas. The Hiba bean variety is intended for dry production with wide adaptation to the different agro-ecological zones of Morocco. It generates a yield of 45 Qx/ha. Like the Hiba bean variety, the Zina bean variety is intended for dry production. This variety has a yield potential of 40 Qx/ha. As regards oilseeds, the Moufida rapeseed variety has an average yield of 25 Qx/ha. This variety has, among other things, an oleic acid content of 68% and an oil content of 46%.
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