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Cairo – Samia Sayed – Scientists have found helium-3, a rare isotope of helium, that leaks from the Earth’s core, which adds evidence to the theory that the planet formed in a solar nebula, and some natural processes can produce helium-3, but it mainly forms in nebulae They are huge swirling clouds of gas and dust.
According to RT, when the planet grows, it accumulates materials from its surroundings, which makes its composition reflect the environment in which it was formed.
So little helium-3 has been found on Earth’s surface, which prompted Somme astronomers to question the theory that the planet formed in a solar nebula.
Finding an abundance in the core helped researchers from the University of New Mexico add evidence of the origin of the planet’s solar nebula.
Also, to get high concentrations of helium-3 deep in the core, Earth had to form inside a thriving solar nebula, rather than on its fringes or during the retrograde phase, and the team found that regarding 2,000 grams of helium-3 leak from Earth each year.
This is “enough to fill a balloon the size of your desk,” said study lead author Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the University of New Mexico. It is one of the wonders of nature, and a guide to the history of the Earth, that there is still a great deal of this isotope in the ground.
The researchers modeled helium during two major phases of Earth’s history. The first stage was during its early formation more than 4.53 billion years ago, when the planet was accumulating helium from surrounding gas and dust. The second was following the formation of the moon, regarding 4 billion years ago, following which the helium was lost.
Evidence suggests that an object one-third the size of Earth hit the planet early in its history, and that this impact would have remelted the Earth’s crust, allowing much of the helium to escape. The gas continues to leak to this day.
Using the recent helium-3 leakage rate, along with models of helium’s isotope behavior, the researchers were able to estimate the amount of helium-3 in the core.
They estimated that there was between 10 teragrams to petagrams of helium-3 in the pulp – a massive amount, according to Olson.
This indicates the formation of the Earth within the solar nebula, where high concentrations of gas would have allowed it to accumulate deep in the planet, the researcher said. Dr
However, future work looking for other gases created by the nebula, such as hydrogen, that seep out at similar rates and locations as helium-3, might serve as a “smoke gun” for the nucleus as a source of these rare isotopes, Olson said.
It is believed that the isotope might provide safer nuclear energy in a fusion reaction, because it is not radioactive but has the potential to produce high energy.
Although it is not found in abundance on Earth, and access to the core is impractical, it has been found on the Moon.
Harrison Schmidt, a NASA Apollo-era geologist, has been a strong proponent of creating a helium-3 mine on the moon, to recover fuel that might power nuclear fusion reactors on Earth, or a futuristic spaceship traveling through the solar system.
Arguments have also been made for mining helium-3 from Jupiter, where it is more abundant – the distances involved must be determined. Extracting the molecule from Jupiter would also be a less energy-intensive process, and the results are published in the journal Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems.
